tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75698700439918210982024-03-12T17:52:12.192-07:00To You, From MeCristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.comBlogger47125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-1356914225502857822019-05-10T15:35:00.003-07:002019-05-10T15:37:44.656-07:00Religion Class (REL 270) Prompt/Answer <span id="docs-internal-guid-7022f25f-7fff-ff85-0fee-000007f52c9e"><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d3b45; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Why is it important to study religion and drugs? What scholarly approach would you take if you were doing research on the intersections on religion and drugs (e.g., study from a medical point of view, or ethnographic, or legal, or historical)? </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d3b45; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Religion itself has a limiting connotation, but in actuality anything can be religious depending on the context. A few of the key ideas of a religious culture include ritual activities, transcendence, cosmic revelation, and transformation, and in the practice of religion, the use of drugs can lead to a sacred experience for the adherents. Sacredness is one of the factors that differentiates religious groups because the idea of a sacred experience is always contested. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d3b45; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is important to study the use of drugs in achieving a sacred religious experience in order to see the effect of the drugs on the mental and emotional state of the adherents and how that shapes human behavior. From a medical point of view, drugs and religious cultures are heavily intertwined, even as far as to say some religious cultures stem from drug therapy and medicine obsession. For instance, the idea of good health is sacred for western society, and the way we handle illness and pain has become religious in a way. We perform rituals to heal our body when inflicted with pain such as taking pills or other psychedelic drugs. However, when taken in excessive amounts, some people are able to feel gratification and restoration and refer to this process as a sacred experience. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d3b45; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The primitive purpose of medicine is to heal, but it also has the capabilities to bring spiritual revelation to people without the need of a deity or God. The altering the body chemistry as an alternative healing approach in modern America will become increasingly more important in the medical field as more people practice it and relay their thoughts and spiritual experiences. As nursing student, I am intrigued by this method of treatment because excessive use of drugs to reach an altered state is not something students are taught. Potential changes could arise from this alternative method and could affect my lifestyle and the conditions I work in in the future. Thus, the study of medicine and knowledge from the the religious revelations it can give rise to is a field that should be intensively analyzed because it has the potential to change the pharmaceutical field, how we consider doctors, and our perception on drug therapy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d3b45; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
</span>Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-57379443182516563492019-05-10T15:20:00.001-07:002019-05-10T15:22:57.093-07:00Nacirema Analysis <br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Body Ritual Among the Nacirema</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Having
gone over this piece in my sociology 101 class, I had prior knowledge that
nacirema is American spelled backwards and that this is a satirical piece about
us. This piece shows the analysis of our society through a non-native, outside
or ethnocentric perspective. The “body rituals and medical beliefs” that we do
are made out to seem unreasonable and questionable. For example, </span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">this piece makes out Americans
to be obsessive with oral hygiene, and we seek professionals such as dentists
or “holy mouth men” to help fix our dental problems and ameliorate the
“decaying” process. We put great value in appearance and hygiene, and as a
society we give professionals such as dentists and doctors almost this godly
power, making the commoners rely on these “magical” roles. A quote from the
text states, “No matter how ill the supplicant or how grave the emergency, the
guardians of many temples will not admit a client if he cannot give a rich gift
to the custodian.” This prompts me to reflect on our current health care
system, and Miner’s words makes them seem almost inhumane. Because we have put
these rituals at a high value, carrying them out calls for a high price. Moreover,
people that can afford these high prices seem to be well-liked in the society
because they have the luxury of altering their bodies to meet standards such as
Miner’s example of breast size. As a native to this society, the ethnocentric
points that were made prompted me to reflect on things that I consider to be
normal. However, I do think Miner’s piece made it clear that there should be a
native perspective as well in explaining the story. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
<div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Miner, H. (1956). Body Ritual among the Nacirema. <i>American Anthropologist</i>, <i>58</i>(3), 503–507.<br />
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1956.58.3.02a00080">https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1956.58.3.02a00080</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-84416045132218287902018-05-09T13:48:00.002-07:002018-05-16T14:59:58.954-07:00Soc 101 frq answerHow does the movie 13th characterize criminal justice system and political systems? How are discrimination and mass incarceration related? How is this different from Feigen? Give summary of the film. Give definition of discrimination.<br />
<br />
<br />
· Discrimination: actions or practices carried out by members of dominant racial or ethnic groups that have a differential and negative impact on members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
· US has 5% of the world's population but 25% of the people in the world who are incarcerated<br />
<br />
· She demonstrates that slavery has been perpetuated in practices since the end of the American Civil War through such actions as criminalizing behavior and enabling police to arrest poor freedmen and force them to work for the state under convict leasing; suppression of African Americans by disenfranchisement, lynchings and Jim Crow; conservative Republicans declaring a war on drugs that weighed more heavily on minority communities and, by the late 20th century, mass incarceration of people of color in the United States.<br />
<br />
· As a result, from the early 1970s to the present, the rate of incarceration and the number of people in prisons has climbed dramatically in the United States, although the rate of crime has continued to decline since the late 20th century. As late as the 2016 presidential election, certain politicians worked to generate fear of crime, claiming high rates in New York City, for instance, which was not true. Crime is lower overall than it has been in decades, but Republican candidates raised it to create fear. Private prison contractors had entered the market to satisfy demand as arrests and sentences increased, forming an independent group with its own economic incentives to criminalize minor activities and lengthen sentences in order to keep prisons full. Politicians and businessmen in rural areas encouraged construction of prisons to supply local jobs, and they also have had incentives to keep prisons full.<br />
<br />
· Decades later, studies have shown that private prisons are no more efficient and are often more abusive than those run by the federal or state governments as stated in the movie, 13th. The federal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Prisons" style="color: #954f72;">Bureau of Prisons</a> announced in 2016 its intention to stop contracting with private providers for prison services. The over-incarceration of adults has severely damaged generations of black and minority families and their children.<br />
<br />
· The 13th amendment to the U.S. constitution makes it unconstitutional for anyone to be held as a slave. There are exceptions, including criminals<br />
Following the Civil War, African-Americans were arrested and imprisoned in mass for extremely minor crimes. Those prisoners were tasked with providing the labor to rebuild the economy of the south after the Civil War, thus making them "slaves" yet again. The 1915 film ‘Birth of a Nation’ depicted the African-American male as a violent, animalistic, out of control, evil, member of society. Sitting president Woodrow Wilson held a private screening of the film at the White House that was viewed as a major cinematic event. The film was widely heralded as a catalyst for the rebirth of the Klu Klux Klan.<br />
<br />
<br />
· The Nixon administration began the cycle of criminalizing African-Americans struggling with drug addictions, rather than increasing availed resources for treatment and rehabilitation.<br />
· Nixon Advisor John Ehlrichman allegedly admitted that the Nixon Administration intentionally encouraged the public to associate African-Americans with heroin in an effort to disrupt Black communities by vilifying them in the news and creating the false narrative that Black people were vicious criminals destroying the country through drug abuse and distribution.<br />
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Black men account for an estimated 6.5% of the U.S. population, however, they make up 40.2% of the U.S. prison population.<br />
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Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-34999810295729433822018-05-09T13:46:00.003-07:002018-05-09T13:46:51.574-07:00Soc 101 free response answerA student remarked isn’t a child’s death horrible. Explain the cultural shift from useful to useless child and the moral justifications that come along to both sides. <div>
<a name='more'></a><br />· In the 17th and 18th centuries, there was high child mortality rate. For the first few years, children were often called “it” and they were economic assets. They were less likely to survive. The useful child’s value is economic. The useless child’s value is sentimental. In the 19th century, children became more sentimental and emotional assets. There was the sacralization of the child (useful → useless child). As sentimentality increases, their deaths become more tragic.<br /><br />· Children were seen as idle, so an economic job could provide for the family. Later on, child labor was seen as exploitation because children could not stand up for themselves. This view was mostly in middle class as they had no hardships. The working class had it very difficult as children could not help provide for the family.<br /><br />· The increase of sentimentalization is important. There was a revolution in child mourning that occurred because of cultural transformation in children’s value. When children were transformed to emotionally priceless assets, their deaths indicated both domestic misfortune and collective failure.<br /><br /> </div>
Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-35896809709010332162018-05-09T13:45:00.001-07:002018-05-09T13:45:21.422-07:00Soc 101 free response answersA politician recently said: “The American Dream is real. In the U.S., every child is born with the same opportunities for economic success.” How would Robert Reich (in the film Inequality for All) critique this statement? In support of your answer: a) Describe the social structural realities discussed in the film. OR b) Describe the “model of society” Reich offers. Is it more in line with Marx’s model or Weber’s model? Explain each model and defend your opinion with examples from the film.<br /><br /><a name='more'></a><br /><br />· Robert Reich would disagree with this statement for he believes the economic and social consequences that arise from the gap between the rich and poor continues to widen. The richer are getting richer and the poorer and getting poorer.<br /><br />· The model of society Reich offers is one that makes retail, restaurant, hospital, hotel, childcare, and eldercare jobs that pay very little pay more. No one that works full time should be in poverty. He also wants to unionize low wage workers because they need more bargaining power to secure a fair share of gain from economic growth. He wants to also invest more in education because high quality education should be freely available to all and not to only those that can afford/attain it.<br /><br />· This aligns with Weber theory than Marx theory.<br /><br />· In marx theory, social structure is all about position in the economic structure, and social class is the relationships to means of production. Means of production is the system by which goods are produced and distributed. This produces 2 level of social classes: the powerful capitalist class that owns/controls means of production and the poor working class that does labor for others. The capitalist class has power to control resources and work the system to benefit them. Elite children mix at elite schools. This goes against Reich’s ideas because in this model, the rich get richer, and the poor class is powerful and have little chance of changing their class. Also here education is very divided, unlike Reich’s ideas that make education a public resource for all.<br /><br />In the weber theory, he introduces multidimensional ranking because social stratification has 3 dimensions of Class, Status, and Power which produces an economic group, a status group, and a party group. A composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality is called socio-economic status.<div>
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Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-37292956533211044072018-05-09T13:44:00.000-07:002018-05-09T13:44:04.140-07:00Sociology 101 Free Response answers A politician recently said: “The American Dream is real. In the U.S., every child is born with the same opportunities for economic success.” How would Annette Lareau (Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families) critique this statement? In support of your answer: a) Describe the different childrearing strategies of the two social class groups. b) Discuss what effects these strategies have on interactions outside the home. Discuss the overall consequences for the two social class groups.<br />
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· Annette Lareu would disagree with the statement that every child is born with the same opportunities for economic success. She believes that childrearing approaches vary by class, and these differences have different effects on life outside the home. They can create advantages or disadvantages for children which goes against the idea that every child has equal opportunity.<br />
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· Childrearing approach is “cultural logic”, and these approaches arise from values and beliefs on how to raise children. The two different social classes that exist in culture is the middle class and the working class. The childrearing approach that the middle class parents implement is Concerted Cultivation, and the childrearing approach that the working class parents implement is Accomplishment of Natural Growth. These parenting styles are influenced by economic resources (ability to participate in organized activities), parent’s education, and life experiences.<br />
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· Concerted Cultivation focuses on fostering the child’s talent through leisure activities because these activities can develop life skills. Parents use reasoning to discipline the child. Also parents encourage their child to play with children the same age, and these children have weak extended family ties.<br />
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· The working class parents differ in that they do not focus as much on developing child’s talents and the child does not participate in a lot of leisure activities. Instead parents provide love, food, and safety to the child. Parents also use directives rather than reasoning. Children of these parents also play with a wide age range of children and they have strong extended family ties.<br />
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· Outside the home, middle class children gain an emerging sense of entitlement. Parent of Concerted Cultivation approach are and encourages children to be assertive in interactions with authorities and institutions to make other accommodate to their needs and preferences. For example, being assertive can make doctors take medical concerns seriously. Also the use of reasoning and negotiation of the middle class parents helps children develop persuasion skills and logical thinking which can be advantageous. They strive to be reciprocated by peers and people of higher positions. All of these qualities are cultural capital. Cultural capital are traits that can be used as advantageous resources in maintaining or improving the current social class that a person resides in.<br />
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· For the working class children, they feel sense of constraint. Parents of this class don’t question authorities and are not assertive. They feel bullied and powerfulness when faced with professionals. Thus children are passive and compliant with adults or people of higher positions, so they often do not try to get others to accommodate. In the school setting, passivity is looked down upon on, and school officials are dismissive towards these parents. Also these children have not reached their potential for talents and skills, so they are not able to use these cultural capital/ resources and apply them in professional/school settings.Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-33741195939596202612018-05-09T13:37:00.002-07:002018-05-09T13:38:38.856-07:00“How to Tame a Wild Tongue” Analysis<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">In “How to Tame a Wild Tongue”, Anzaldua
experiences a “contact zone”, a meeting of different cultures on uneven terms
due to a power difference, with the intermixing of her American and Mexican
cultures (Pratt 34). Because of the existing nature of dominant and subordinate
roles within this contact zone, Anzaldua incorporates both Chicano Spanish and
English into her daily life as an act to lessen the power difference, allowing
her Mexican culture to take a more influential part in her life. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Anzaldua’s bilingual tongue of speaking
Chicano Spanish and English presents itself as a compromise between the two colliding
cultures. A social gap exists between the two languages as described in the
parameters of a contact zone because on the economical and status scale,
characteristics that are related to English and the United States are seen as
more advantageous and superior than those that are related to Spanish and
Mexico. Her solution to this apparent gap is to become a proud linguist of both
Chicano Spanish and English. Though she is at times labeled as a “Pocho or
cultural traitor” for speaking “the oppressor’s language” and “a mutilation of
Spanish”, Anzaldua is simply a product of two diverging cultures that have
harassed her to fully immerse in one culture and one culture only, and her
means to deal with this dilemma is to blend of the two languages that define
her (Anzaldua 35). Words such “bola and carpeta” that are derived from ball and
carpet portray the agglomeration of the two languages, South Texan English and
Mexican Spanish (Anzaldua 38). For most of her life, Anzaldua has struggled to
take pride in her linguistic identity as she had to accommodate to English
speakers, but now, she fully embraces her bilingualism and has even furthered the
surfacing of her Mexican side through engaging in “safe houses.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Anzaldua is inclined to cherish and
prefer engaging in safe houses, places that give her a sense of belonging and
understanding with others without feeling oppressed or judged, because it gives
her means to preserve her Mexican roots, for she is limited by living in an
American community (Pratt 40). For example, she would watch Mexican movies on
Thursday nights at a drive-in, and such nights “gave her a sense of belonging”
because many people from her community came together as a unified group to
carry out an activity (Anzaldua 40). Moreover, going to drive-in movie theaters
lessens the power difference that exists in a contact zone because the
subordinate group selects and takes material from the dominant group and
incorporates it into its culture, a concept known as transculturation (Pratt
36). In this case, drive-in movie theaters are being incorporated into the
Mexican culture. Drive-in movie theaters were classic hotspots for pastimes in
the 50s and 60s in America, and by playing Mexican movies at these events, the
Mexican community is integrating a very American concept and making it their own.
Furthermore, Anzaldua states, “We’d wolf down cheese and bologna white bread
sandwiches while watching Pedro Infante in melodramatic tearjerkers like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nosotros los pobres</i>” (Anzaldua 40).
Again, her family chooses to eat classic American picnic snacks of meat and
cheese sandwiches and incorporate them in a Mexican activity. Doing so lessens
this power difference which aids Anzaldua in feeling more connected to her
Mexican culture. Another “safe house” Anzaldua experiences is her family’s home
cooking. Though she lives in Texas and is placed in a completely different
culture, Anzaldua can imitate the emotions and feelings just as if she were in
Mexico through her “sister Hilda’s hot, spicy <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">menudo, chile colorado”</i>, her brother Carito’s “barbequed fajitas”,
her mother’s “hot steaming tamales”, and the wood smoke perfume of her
grandmother’s clothes and skin (Anzaldua 42). Living in a different country can
often times severe the connection to the mother homeland, and Anzaldua copes
with this problem through “food and certain smells” as they “are tied to her
identity” (Anzaldua 42).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Through this piece of writing, Anzaldua
fights even more for her culture to become the dominant one through her
continuous insertion of Spanish into a piece intended for an English speaking
audience. She was punished consistently in her younger years for not conforming
to the dominant English speaking culture, but now the roles have reversed and
Anzaldua is forcing her language onto the readers just as how English was
forced upon her by society. She is rebelling against the expected role she is
supposed to fulfill and continues to imbed untranslated Spanish into her
writing, leaving it up to the readers to decipher what she is saying and not
vice versa. Through her writing, she is controlling the level of power that her
culture has in the contact zone. Anzaldua further displays her persistency and
audacity through her anecdote. In the intro of her piece, she inserts an
anecdote about her experience at the dentist when she was younger. During the
appointment, Anzaldua’s tongue is uncontrollably moving, and her doctor states,
“I’ve never seen anything as strong or stubborn”, and she thinks “how do you
tame a wild tongue” (Anzaldua 33). The story itself serves as a double meaning
and to convey irony. The stubborn tongue represents Anzaldua’s determination to
be in touch with her Mexican side, and throughout the course of the text and
her life, she does the opposite of taming her tongue and instead lets it run
wild. Anzaldua’s ability to become a proud mestiza at the end of the piece
gives closure and shows that now she is no longer ashamed, and her success is a
portrayal of her will power and drive. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Though Anzaldua and many people like her
have tried to rid of the evident power difference in the contact zone between
Anglo-American and Mexican cultures, “the struggle of identities continues”
(Anzaldua 44). Anzaldua believes Chicanos are the solution to this problem as
their identities are the blending of “la india” and “el blanco” cultures that mediate
to both sides (Anzaldua 44). However as of now, purist groups view the Chicano
group as illegitimate, but as more Chicanos proudly identify themselves and
unite together to fight common cause, they will no longer have to “walk like a
thief in their own house” (Anzaldua 44). With “true integration”, the
legitimacy of Chicanos will not be overlooked, and the struggle will cease
(Anzaldua 44). <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><br /></span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Works Cited<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anzaldua, Gloria.
"How to Tame a Wild Tongue." <i>Borderlands/La Frontera: The New
Mestiza</i>. San Francisco: Spinsters/Aunt Lute, 1987. 33-44. Print.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Pratt, Mary Louise. "Arts of the Contact
Zone." <i>Profession</i> (1991): 33-40. Print.</span><!--EndFragment-->
</span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<br />
<br />Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-59186764740960680312018-05-09T13:36:00.001-07:002018-05-09T13:36:07.726-07:00Soc 101 Nurses and Routinization Analysis <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Routinization is an organized system of
procedures and patterns over an extended period of time that people closely
follow. In the case of a hospital, the jobs of nurses are part of
routinization. It is important to routinize tasks in a hospital because the
unexpected or upsetting events that arise need to become “ordinary and mundane”
to a nurse. Nurses need to learn how to mentally and emotionally control themselves
when faced with instances such as deformed newborns and witnessing leg
amputations. They cannot be upset or panicked because this would negatively
affect the patients. Thus for these reasons, nurses need to learn how to tackle
these traumatic cases casually through routinization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Routinization in a hospital involves four
key aspects that revolve around learning the geography, language, techniques,
and patients according to Chamblis. For learning the geography, the nurses must
familiarize themselves with the physical setting of the hospital. For example,
they must know where all the rooms, bathrooms, and hallways are so that they
can casually move from place to place. Also they need to know where all the
supplies are stored and how the hospital beds operate. Additionally, nurses
need to know the social standards that accompany the physical setting of a
hospital. For example, as Chamblis mentions nurses should know that people need
to clean up their own coffee cups and that certain rooms/items are only allowed
to be used by those of higher positions such as doctors. These types of social
standards and patterns need to be applied in nurses’ daily tasks. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">In learning the language, the nurses need
to learn medical lingo and terminology not used in an average person’s everyday
language in order to easily communicate with other nurses and doctors. For
example, as Chamblis mentions nurses need to learn that CABG (pronounced
cabbage) stands for coronary artery bypass graft, and they be able to respond
to it when these types of words are thrown their way. Speaking in this language
will also hinder patients from hearing long and intimidating medical words
which could lead to them panicking about their condition. Also, hospital staff
will use informal slang amongst themselves. For example, a dying person is
“going down the tubes” or “circling the drain”. This type of informal slang is
used to prevent patients from understanding and panicking, but also to avoid
the alarm that can come from talking in a straight cut, matter-of-fact manner,
almost as if euphemizing the situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">In learning the techniques, the nurses
need to know what exactly encompasses their job and what specific tasks they
need to complete or else they might feel overwhelmed and make mistakes. Nurses
have numerous tasks they need to attend to such as giving different medication
to several different patients, giving bed baths, monitoring blood pressures,
checking patient’s IV lines, delivering food trays, and other miscellaneous
tasks that require organizational and technical skills. To go through a day
without making mistakes, nurses need to familiarize themselves with the
parameters of the job itself. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">In learning the patients, nurses need to
learn what type of patients there are and how to attend to each different type.
According to Chamblis, currently a majority of patients fall under the
illnesses of cancer, heart disease, COPD, and aids. Because of these
reoccurring cases, nurses are able to familiarize themselves on how each type
of patient is to be treated. For example, a cancer patient needs to receive surgery
and then chemotherapy, and these types of patterns allow nurses to categorize
and organize patients by what illness they have and proceed accordingly on how
to care for them. Nurses also need to learn how to deal with patients and
become familiar to seeing suffering people. This will allow them to become
detached or desensitized, and then interactions with for example dying patients
will not be as upsetting to the nurses which will allow them to carry on with
their jobs and continue to attend to other patients and complete tasks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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</style>Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-38720224524724054352018-05-09T13:33:00.002-07:002018-05-09T13:34:24.140-07:00Racism in Ancient Greek and American Slavery Reflection<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Although
not connected, American and Ancient slavery had similar images and ideas that
arose from the practice as noted by Kelly L. Wrenhaven. I agree with this
because people have a set view and image of what a “slave” should look like.
For instance, American slavery is highly linked to race, and </span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12.0pt;">since the majority
of the slaves were black, people have a preconceived image that a slave should
be black. Similarly, in ancient Greece, Aristotle believed that slaves were
naturally suited to be slaves, and the image related to the “natural” slave was
a barbarian that could not speak the Greek language, that was one step above
wild animals, and that was unsophisticated and emotionally reactive. I also find
it interesting how the Greeks believed they were the height of civilization and
that their appearance and physical features were ideal. For example, in figure
2 of the handout there are two opposite sides depicting the “otherness” of a
non-Greek and the ideal face of a Greek woman. Although there is no solid
evidence that the black face with prominent brow bones, a big mouth, and a big
nose is a slave, the artist definitely highlighted the contrasting features.
The ideal Greek woman has an oval face, small mouth, and lighter skin, and the
illustrations above her head suggest a sense of sophistication and
civilization. Another interesting idea that was discussed was the effect of
environment on slavery. For example, good climate and no hardships makes a person
less tenacious and submissive whereas the Greeks had to endure mountainous
terrain and capricious weather which supposedly made them more fit to be the
slave owners. Overall, the Ancient Greece was an interesting society that was
highly ethnocentric and secluded from those not similar to them.</span><!--EndFragment-->
Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-61600107558156053202018-05-09T13:25:00.003-07:002018-05-09T13:30:28.072-07:00Social Norms Experiment Research Paper<br />
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<!--StartFragment-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Introduction</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
For this social
experiment, I violated social norms by walking around with an open umbrella in
an indoor area, specifically down the halls of the residence halls. Typically,
umbrellas are apparatuses associated with outdoor areas on days with
precipitation, most of the times that being rain. In most cases in our society,
umbrellas are given the role of protecting our hair, skin, clothes, <br />
<a name='more'></a>and body
from unruly and unfavorable weather. Thus it is expected that umbrellas are
solely used for outdoor purposes. Umbrellas also enlarge your personal bubble,
so carrying them around outdoors is more acceptable and easier to execute because
there is more space, and people would not feel as comfortable walking very
close to another person with a large umbrella in an enclosed space. Also often
times for rainy weather, when carrying an umbrella, there are common types of
clothing that are associated with it. For example, a person may wear rain boots
or a raincoat when walking with an umbrella in rainy weather. For these
reasons, society has constructed umbrellas to be only used in outdoor settings.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Methods <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>My
experiment of violating social norms by carrying an umbrella indoors took place
in my residence hall on each different floor. I chose to go to different floors
because I am friends with most of the people on my floor. Thus I chose to
observe two groups of people: friends and strangers. I chose to do this because
I thought that the responses between people I know and did not know would be
different, considering that degrees of relation impact interactions. I also
made sure to carry the umbrella on a day where it was actually sunny outside so
that carrying an umbrella seemed very random. Moreover, I wore clothes that
were not associated with rainy weather; I wore blue jeans, white sneakers, and
a plain t-shirt. I walked down halls in normal behavior with an opened medium
sized black umbrella. As a result, carrying an umbrella indoors is a violation
of norms because the roof/ceiling of the building protected me from any sort of
adverse weather, and my umbrella broke other people’s personal bubbles due to
the narrow spaces.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Results <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
As I was
performing the social norms violations at first, I felt awkward and
embarrassed. Carrying an umbrella indoors is not a common behavior people see
often, so I felt as if people would be judgmental of me for carrying out an
activity that is considered socially unacceptable or view me as flat out weird.
Also I was scared that people would view me as a socially incompetent person. Moreover,
I felt awkward when having to walk past someone with my umbrella because I was
violating their personal space, and they often had to move as far away and as
close to the wall as possible to avoid my umbrella. Thus I felt like a nuisance
because people had to go out of their ways to avoid me. However, the more I
walked with the umbrella, it became easier, and at times it was amusing to see
people’s reactions. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
two groups of people I observed, friends and strangers, reacted differently. The
people acquainted with me were much more brave in verbally voicing their
thoughts and confusion. At first, they would crinkle their forehead and
eyebrows or make a confused face with a slight twist of the head and ask me,
“Why are you holding an umbrella?”, and they would do so in conjunction with
laughter. Those who were closer to me would even go as far as adding curse
words to their question to me. Furthermore, my friends would take pictures of
me and post them on their snapchat story because they thought it was funny and
silly; it was an event that was unordinary and interesting enough for the humor
of current college students. The Sophomore and Residence Advisors that I am
acquainted with would laugh and ask the same questions my friends asked, and
then after explaining the parameters of my project, they would go on to say
good luck, you can do it, or have fun. One specific African American janitor
whom I am well acquainted called Ms. Cynthia gave me the wild eyes, asking me,
“Baby, what are you doing?” I noticed that their words reflect their higher
statuses in terms of position and greater age. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
other group that was observed was strangers, and they were not as insistent on
voicing their opinions to me. Some strangers would look at me and smile in
confusion and then break their eye contact with me and simply walk away. One
girl tried her best to make it less obvious that she was trying to look at me
by keeping her head straight and only moving her eyes quickly to the right. At
times I would continue to stare at these strangers on purpose to make them feel
uncomfortable and draw more attention to myself and the umbrella. However, some
people would not even try to look at me and avoid any type of contact or
acknowledgment of me. They would have a straight face and would try their best
to not take a glance at me. Also I noticed that people were more likely to
raise questions and verbally voice their confusion when they were with at least
one other person. Two girl strangers I walked past by talked to themselves
saying, “What, why does she have an umbrella?” Another instance was when a
co-ed group that was sitting at the open lounge area looked at me in confusion
and even went as far as to ask me why I was carrying an umbrella. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One
difficulty I encountered was having to explain myself every time someone asked
me the “why?” question because carrying an umbrella indoors is so unusual and
random that it does not make sense to people living in our society. Another
difficulty I encountered was coping with the fear that people would see me as
an unintelligent person, unfit for a prestigious school like Emory University.
Also it was slightly physically straining on the arms to keep carrying an
umbrella around when I knew it was serving no purpose and was not protecting me
from any sort of belligerent weather. This difficulty I noticed is different in
the normal situation. For instance, when actually using an umbrella in raining
weather, my mind is thinking about how I need to quickly enter a building or
how I need to avoid puddles and wet areas, so there is less room for my mind to
think about how heavy or tiring holding up the umbrella is. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Interpretation & Discussion <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Norms
are defined to be the shared rules of behavior that reflect the culture’s
values and social controls are defined to be the ways that society reacts in
response to following or breaking social norms (Henslin 46). The reactions of
others showed how carrying an umbrella indoors was a violation of social norms,
and they implemented social controls in the scenarios I created. The typical
norm of carrying an umbrella would be to carry it in rainy weather outside on
the sidewalks or crosswalks in rainy weather appropriate attire, and the
anticipated reaction of other pedestrians would be either a nod or a smile or
to simply pass by with no thoughts or acknowledgment because of the normal
behavior, and this is known as a positive sanction or a rewards for a positive
sanction (Henslin 46). However, the experiment I carried out did the complete
opposite of what was expected, and this thus prompted people to show negative
sanctions or punishments for disapproved behavior (Hensiln 46). The reactions
specific to my experiment that exemplified negative sanctions include the
question, “Why do you have an umbrella?”, glaring, ignoring, turning to others
to exchange glances of confusion or disapproval, crinkled foreheads, raised
eyebrows, and slight laughter or smiling in response to the stupidity of my
behavior. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
high degree of uneasiness and embarrassment I felt showed that carrying an
umbrella indoors was indeed a violation of norms. I went against the
expectations of what an umbrella carrier encompasses. The intensity of my
experiment was low because of the social controls I received. I received light
negative sanctions instead of extreme ones such as execution or imprisonment. This
then told me that my experiment was a “Folkways” norm which is a norm “that is
not strictly enforced and more for casual interaction” (Henslin 47). However, I
still received negative sanctions which made me feel more self-conscious about
the huge apparent inappropriate device I was holding. Because I contrasted so
greatly with the norms of this behavior, the norms of an umbrella carrier were
then reinforced in my head and also to the people observing me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
results of this experiment showed how influential the social structure is and
how strongly people in our society abide by the expected set of standards and
behaviors. Social structure is defined to be the relationships/interactions
between people around us that sets predictable rules or patterns, and within
social structures exist status and role (Henslin 97). The status, or “the
social positions people occupy”, for a typical umbrella holder would be a
pedestrian, and the role a pedestrian would play in a rainy outdoor setting would
be to use an open umbrella to avoid getting soaked, to respect the rules of the
crosswalk, watch out for cars, and to respect other people’s personal bubble
when walking next to others (Henslin 99). If applying Goffman’s idea that life
is like a stage performance, the status corresponds to the pedestrian character
and the role or the script of this character corresponds to the expected
actions and behavior of the pedestrian (Henslin 111). The performance of this
character on a rainy day outside or the set would include rain clothes or the
costume and the umbrella which would be the prop. However, for this experiment,
with solely the prop and no proper set or costume, the status and role of a
typical pedestrian could not be established, confusing all the observers that I
encountered. My behaviors could possibly be seen as normal only if I were able
to change the definition of the usages of an umbrella in an indoor situation.
For example, in “Eating Your Friends is the Hardest: The Survivors of the
F-227”, the definition of the human body was changed; the dead body was simply
seen as dead meat because there was no soul in the body (Henslin 277).
Similarly, I could change the definition of using an umbrella to mean that
umbrellas serve as a necessary protection against ceiling lights because
looking directly into them could damage your eyes. However, like the situation
with the remaining Andes survivors, this would only work if there was a working
consensus among the people in my residence building, and everyone would have to
agree to honor my definition of the situation. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Work
Cited<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;">
<span style="background: white; color: #444444;">Henslin, James M. 2007. <i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach</span></i>, 8th ed. Boston:
Pearson</span><span style="mso-fareast-language: KO;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
</div>
<!--EndFragment-->
Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-31728357639291701742018-05-08T15:40:00.002-07:002018-05-08T15:47:28.965-07:00QTM project using R---<br />
title: "QTM Project"<br />
output: html_document<br />
---<br />
<br />
```{r setup, include=FALSE}<br />
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)<br />
```<br />
<br />
For this QTM project, **I am interested in whether the amount of fries in a large order versus a small order justifies the higher cost**, and I will conduct a **two sample t test** with the data I have gathered. By doing this experiment, I want to figure out which size fries is a better deal so that the next time I know which size I should order with my 20 piece chicken nuggets.<br />
<br />
Assumptions for the two sample t test:<br />
<br />
* **Randomization**:<br />
For this experiment, I used three different McDonald’s locations (Duluth, Suwanee, Decatur) on three different days to randomize my sample. At each location, my friends/family and I ordered 5 small and 5 large Fries to get a total sample of 15 small fries and 15 large fries.<br />
<br />
* **Indepedence**:<br />
The sample values are independent of each other. The price of small fries did not affect the price of large fries and vice versa. The prices at one location did not affect the prices at a different location.<br />
<br />
* **Normality**:<br />
I forcibly...I mean kindly asked my friends to help me with this project by buying and eating fries with me.For a valid sample mean, the sample population size should be greater than or equal to 30, and my experiment fails to meet these conditions. However, 15 small and 15 large fries was the extent of the budget, and I did not want monetary restrictions deter me from exploring my interest with Mcfries, so I proceeded with the experimental project.<br />
<br />
<br />
##Data Table of the Raw Data<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Location size Price Count <br />
-------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------<br />
Duluth small $1.59 45 <br />
<br />
Duluth small $1.59 41 <br />
<br />
Duluth small $1.59 40 <br />
<br />
Duluth small $1.59 48 <br />
<br />
Duluth small $1.39 37 <br />
<br />
Suwanee small $1.39 50 <br />
<br />
Suwanee small $1.39 39<br />
<br />
Suwanee small $1.39 42<br />
<br />
Suwanee small $1.39 40<br />
<br />
Suwanee small $1.39 45<br />
<br />
Decatur small $1.59 41<br />
<br />
Decatur small $1.59 44<br />
<br />
Decatur small $1.59 39<br />
<br />
Decatur small $1.59 49<br />
<br />
Decatur small $1.59 42<br />
<br />
Duluth large $2.39 98 <br />
<br />
Duluth large $2.39 85 <br />
<br />
Duluth large $2.39 77 <br />
<br />
Duluth large $2.39 96 <br />
<br />
Duluth large $2.39 86 <br />
<br />
Suwanee large $2.39 75 <br />
<br />
Suwanee large $2.39 83<br />
<br />
Suwanee large $2.39 91<br />
<br />
Suwanee large $2.39 87<br />
<br />
Suwanee large $2.39 96<br />
<br />
Decatur large $2.89 80<br />
<br />
Decatur large $2.89 97<br />
<br />
Decatur large $2.89 88<br />
<br />
Decatur large $2.89 83<br />
<br />
Decatur large $2.89 93<br />
------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 60px;">
</div>
<br />
## Creating a dataframe<br />
<br />
```{r}<br />
# Create a vector for the count for all small fries<br />
small_count <- 1.39="" 1.59="" 2.39="" 2.89="" 37="" 39="" 40="" 41="" 42="" 44="" 45="" 48="" 49="" 50="" 75="" 77="" 80="" 83="" 85="" 86="" 87="" 88="" 91="" 93="" 96="" 97="" 98="" a="" all="" and="" by="" c="" completed="" corresponding="" count.="" count="" create="" created="" data.frame="" dataframe="" div="" dividing="" for="" fries.="" fries="" fry="" in="" large="" large_count="" large_price="" large_unit_price="" new="" of="" order="" per="" price="" prices="" reate="" see="" small="" small_count="" small_price="" small_unit_price="" the="" this="" to="" unit="" variable="" variables="" vector="" was="" were=""></-><br />
<br />
## Calculated Data<br />
```{r}<br />
# Print price per large fry<br />
print(large_unit_price)<br />
<br />
# Print price per large fry<br />
print(large_unit_price)<br />
<br />
# Summary of the price per small fry<br />
summary(small_unit_price)<br />
<br />
# Summary of the price per large fry<br />
summary(large_unit_price)<br />
```<br />
<br />
<br />
+ The summary tells us that the sample mean for the price per small fry is $0.03588 and the sample mean for the price per large fry is $0.02935.<br />
<br />
<br />
## Data Visualization of Price per Fries<br />
```{r}<br />
# Histogram of the price per small fry<br />
hist(fries$small_unit_price, col = "light blue", xlab = "Price per Small Fry", main = "Distribution of Price per Fry of a Small Order")<br />
<br />
# Histogram of the price per large fry<br />
hist(fries$large_unit_price, col = "light yellow", xlab = "Price per Large Fry", main = "Distribution of Price per Fry of a Large Order")<br />
```<br />
<br />
The histograms show the frequency of the unit prices for small and large fries. Because my sample populations were not 30 or more, I cannot conclude that the distribution of the data for small fries or large fries is normal. However, I can instead report the shape of the distribution of the data from the histograms.<br />
<br />
* For Price per Fry of a Small Order, the distribution of the data is unimodal and very close to being symmetric.<br />
<br />
* For Price per Fry of a Large Order, the distribution of the data is right skewed.<br />
<br />
```{r}<br />
# Create a boxplot<br />
boxplot(small_unit_price, large_unit_price, col = c("light blue", "light yellow"), names=c("small", "large"), xlab="Size of Fries", ylab="Price Per Fry", main= "Price per Fry by Size")<br />
```<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 55px;">
</div>
<br />
Next, I created a box plot in order to see if there is an association between the size and the unit price of fries. A box plot is used because you are comparing categorical (size) and quantitative (unit price per fry) data. The side by side boxplot shows that there is indeed an association between the size of the fries and the unit price. This visualization indicates that the fries in the larger size have a smaller price per fry.<br />
<br />
<br />
## Hypothesis Testing<br />
<br />
**Are large fries are more/less valuable compared to the small fries? Does the amount of fries in a large order versus a small order justify the higher cost?**<br />
<br />
* **Parameters of Interest**<br />
<br />
+ μ1 = true population mean of the price per fry for a small order of fries<br />
<br />
+ μ2 = true population mean of the price per fry for a large order of fries<br />
<br />
* **Hypotheses**:<br />
<br />
+ H0: μ1 − μ2 = 0<br />
<br />
* The null hypothesis is that there is NO difference between the true mean price per small fry and the true mean price per large fry.<br />
<br />
+ Ha: μ1 − μ2 does not equal 0<br />
<br />
* The alternative hypothesis is that there IS a difference between the true mean price per small fry and the true mean price per large fry.<br />
<br />
* **Appropriate test**<br />
<br />
+ Hypothesis test comparing two population means<br />
<br />
+ Two-sample t-test<br />
<br />
<br />
```{r}<br />
# Standard deviation for the small fries sample<br />
sd(small_unit_price)<br />
<br />
# Standard deviation for the large fries sample<br />
sd(large_unit_price)<br />
```<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 55px;">
</div>
<br />
+ In assessing the equality of variances for the two sample t test, we need to look at the standard deviations of the two sample groups: price per small fry and price per large fry. Because the standard deviation values for the two independent groups (0.004043859 and 0.003605305) are very similar, equal variance can be assumed for the two sample T test.<br />
<br />
<br />
## Two Sample T Test and Conclusion<br />
```{r}<br />
# Run a two sample T test<br />
t.test(small_unit_price, large_unit_price, var.equal=TRUE)<br />
```<br />
<br />
The two sample t test tells us that t = 4.6682 and p value = 6.868e-05. The P value tells us the probability that the null is true and the difference is 0 is 6.868e-05 which is very small. The smaller the p value, the stronger the evidence is against the null hypothesis. Since the p value is less than .05 (6.868e-05 < .05), and a 95% confidence interval is being used, the null hypothesis can be rejected, and it can be concluded that the experiment yielded significant results.<br />
<br />
The 95% confidence interval ranges from 0.003664707 to 0.009395467, and this means that we are 95% confident that the difference between the true means will be a value from 0.003664707 to 0.009395467. Since the null value of 0 is not included in the interval, we can reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative.<br />
<br />
In rejecting the null hypothesis, we can conclude that there **IS** a difference between the true mean price per small fry and the true mean price per large fry. We are 95% confident that the mean price per fry in a small order will be between 0.003664707 and 0.009395467 more expensive than the mean price per fry in a large order. Keep in mind, this can produce a type 1 error in which the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true. Assuming that there are no errors, this experiment shows convincing evidence that large fries are indeed more valuable because the price per fry for a large order is cheaper than the price per fry for a small order. In other words, I can get more bang for my buck if I order large fries instead of small fries, and the higher cost for a large order is justified since the price per individual fry is cheaper in a large order than in a small order. Knowing this information will be crucial for the next time I am in dire need of greasy potato goodness from McDonald's.<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 40px;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 60px;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-7224987946521781072018-05-08T15:25:00.007-07:002018-05-08T15:25:39.163-07:00Italian 101 cooking skit script <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">every one: Ciao </span></div>
<b id="docs-internal-guid-eb9c8226-41d4-08a4-d079-87271d23aa8f" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: red;">person 1</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> : Come stai?</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: blue;">person 2</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> :Sto stanca. Ho avuto una giornata lunga.</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> : Anch’io. Non ho mangiato. Ho molta fame.</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: magenta;">person 4</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: Che cosa mangiamo per la cena?</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: red;">person 1</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: Andiamo al ristorante in Emory Village? </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: blue;">person 2</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: No, non ho i soldi </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: si. Cuciamo per la cena </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: magenta;">person 4</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: non cucino mai. </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: mi piace cucinare</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: red;">person 1</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: bene. Cuciamo il cibo facile ed economico. </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: blue;">person 2:</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> la cucina per i studenti universitari </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: magenta;">person 4</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: che cosa dovremmo cucinare? </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: andiamo alla cucina a vedere </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3:</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> Bon apetit </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: blue;">person 2:</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> La cena per due dollari </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">Mmmm </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: magenta;">person 4</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: pasta gourmet</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">Hahaha</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: Mi piace la pasta </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: red;">person 1</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: Anchio ma io preferisco risotto. La prossima volta, andiamo cucinare risotto!</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: magenta;">person 4</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: Mi piace frutti di mare. Andiamo cucinare il pesce </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">Eww nooo. </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: blue;">person 2:</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> e il dolce? </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: ooo tiramisu </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: magenta;">person 4</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: noo il gelato!!</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: red;">person 1</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: non ho l'energia per cucinare. </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: blue;">person 2</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: va bene… un'altra giornata. </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: Che cosa hai fatto oggi? </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: red;">person 1</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: Io svelglio allle undici e sono andataa alla biblioteca</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: magenta;">person 4</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: anchio sono andata alla biblioteca a studiare e a lavorare il proyecto </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: blue;">person 2</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: io mi svelgio alle nove e sono andata al caffe con gli amici </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: sono piena </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: red;">person 1</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: anchio </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: magenta;">person 4</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: voglio andare a casa adesso </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: blue;">person 2</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: si. Andiamo a casa. </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">person 3</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: è stata una buona cena</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: red;">person 1</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">: ciao amiche. A presto </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br /><br /><br />Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-87716888851860610682018-05-08T15:06:00.001-07:002018-05-08T15:08:47.115-07:00ANT 201 Quiz 6 Study guide <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Emergence of Homo</u></b></span></div>
<b id="docs-internal-guid-326f7401-41b4-80d0-d3e2-4f4747e18911" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What was the main characteristic about climate during the Pleistocene (Ice Ages) that was different from what came before?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Ice ages!</li>
<li>But icy only in Eurasia</li>
<li>Characterized by large climatic shifts, and some of the coldest global climates in over 450 million years</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know at least three selective pressures faced by early Homo that came with these changes in climate</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Seasonal environment</li>
<li>Terrestrial predators</li>
<li>Heat stress</li>
<li>Mosaic environments</li>
<li>Competition with other animals</li>
<li>Competition among themselves</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know three characteristics of the head of early Homo that are derived (new) from those of Australopithecus</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Rounded cranium </li>
<li>Smaller molars and premolars</li>
<li>Gracile mandible</li>
<li>Large incisors</li>
<li>Rounded maxilla (upper jaw)</li>
<li>Brow ridges</li>
<li>Cranial capacity > 500cc</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>In what parts of Africa has early Homo been found?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>East and south africa</li>
<li>Early homo = Pan African. Not just East/South Africa</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Which genera of hominins are found at the same time as early Homo? How is it possible that these closely-related hominins could live in the same places at the same times?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Homo habilis (early Homo)</li>
<li>Homo rudolfensis</li>
<li>Homo naledi ?? </li>
<ul>
<li>Early homo or a late surviving remnant of a population of early homo</li>
</ul>
<li>They probably did not compete for the same niche</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>With which genera were flaked stone tools found? Which one was traditionally considered the toolmaker and why?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Stone tools found with homo habilis aka "handy man" in Olduvia, Georgia</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Emergence of Homo</u></b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know one way the post-cranial (below the neck) skeleton of early Homo is like Australopithecus and one way it is more like later Homo.</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Early homo more like autralopithecus</li>
<ul>
<li>Hand bones are more robust</li>
<li>Much longer arms than legs</li>
</ul>
<li>Early homo like later homo</li>
<ul>
<li>Foot resembles extant humans suggesting a more striding gait</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>The earliest specimen of Homo is a jawbone with some teeth in it, and it dates to 2.8 Ma. If it is included in Homo, why could this create a problem with how we define our genus? </b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Many things that are placed in "early Homo" are actually more australopith-like.</li>
<li>Therefore, they should be called Australopithecus Homo, if it is truly a clade, it should only begin with later Homo, which show ALL the derived attributes of Homo</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What is the main difference between Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis? Why does this matter?</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Homo rudolfensis has a larger cranial capacity than homo habilis, face is flatter. This difference indicates who is the ancestor to later homo</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Why is the discovery of Homo naledi extremely valuable to paleoanthropologists, but not useful for understanding the origins of Homo?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Extremely complete skeleton</li>
<ul>
<li>At least 12 individuals</li>
</ul>
<li>However, too late to be a candidate</li>
<ul>
<li>236-335 thousands years old</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Why is a braided stream analogy a better model for human evolution than even a bush analogy might be?</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>There are some species that branch off but later converge back together</li>
</ul>
<br />
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Earliest Biocultural Record</u></b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What is the “First Triumvirate of Paleoanthropology”?</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The first triumvirate of paleoanthropology </span></div>
<ul>
<li>Meat eating</li>
<li>Tool making (stone tools)</li>
<li>Homo </li>
<li>All related and shows in the fossil record </li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know three reasons why knowing the origins of meat-eating is important in human evolution.</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li> Meat is a high quality resource (easily converts to energy)</li>
<li>Fat is even higher quality </li>
<li>Essential micronutrients (omega 3 fatty acids and protein) </li>
<li>Fueling ability of our brains to get larger </li>
<li>Social aspect of meat-eating. Cooperative hunting. Meat eating allowed human ancestors to increase in body size while remaining active and social.</li>
<li>Meat allowed human ancestors to intensify their use of plant foods which led to the domestication of grains e.g. wheat, rice, maize etc.(Meat reduced the possibility of nutritional deficiency which allowed room for the the exploration of plant-based foods)</li>
</ul>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>How is flaked stone tool use linked to meat-eating in the fossil record? How do both of these things relate to the emergence of Homo? What is the “original paradigm” about this issue? What might be wrong with it?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>The earlier paradigm put the emergence of meat-eating, flaked stone tool manufacture, and Homo at the same time, and related to brain size increase</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Over the last six years, the dates for the earliest tool-making, meat-eating and Homo have all changed. How have they changed?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Earliest tools: 2.6 Ma → 3.3 Ma</li>
<li>Earliest cut marks: 2.6 Ma → 3.4 Ma</li>
<li>Earliest Homo: 2.4 ma → 2.8 Ma</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What is important about material culture? Know at least three kinds of material culture and when they might be expected to preserve. What do archaeologists study?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Behavior is expressed materially so we can explore our own past through material culture</li>
<li>Artifacts (something portable made or modified by humans)</li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Stone tools 3.3 Ma</li>
<li>Ochre (pigments) 280 ka</li>
<li>Modified bones, teeth, shells, and wood (used as tools or ornaments)</li>
<ul>
<li>Bone tools: 1.5 Ma</li>
<li>Wood tools: 400 ka</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Mobile engravings (stone, bone, antler, clay)</li>
<li>Features (something created by a human that cannot be moved)</li>
<li>Stone arrangements</li>
<li>Hearths or pits</li>
<li>Post holes</li>
<li>Structures burials</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Earliest Biocultural Record</u></b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Why was it not surprising that the earliest stone tools to be found are not Oldowan (Mode 1) after all? </b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Because Oldowan tools had to be derived from something. Tool use did not randomly emerge with Homo or even Australopithecus. Other primates had to be using tools as well (e.g. chimp nut-cracking stone)</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know the definitions of: flake, core, Oldowan, Lomekwian, equifinality. Where in Africa have early Oldowan tools been found? How do the Lomekwian and Oldowan differ?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Flake</li>
<ul>
<li>A thin piece of sharp stone that comes off when one stone is hit with another</li>
</ul>
<li>Core</li>
<ul>
<li>The stone that is hit on</li>
<li>The flake comes from the core</li>
</ul>
<li>Equifinality</li>
<ul>
<li> two different processes with the same result</li>
</ul>
<li>Oldowan</li>
<ul>
<li>Found in Gona Ethiopia (~2.6 Ma) </li>
</ul>
<li>Lomekwian</li>
<ul>
<li>3.3 million years old (from Kenya)</li>
</ul>
<li>Lomekwian is made by smashing one rock down on another resting on the ground. Oldowan is made by holding two stones and cracking them together</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know at least three likely reasons that pre-Oldowan sites were not discovered until recently.</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Researchers not looking in the right places</li>
<li>Researchers not looking for the right things</li>
<li>Researchers not having the right mindset. </li>
<li>Lack of spatial concentrations of modified stones leading to them being archaeologically invisible</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know two reasons the Dikika cut marks were controversial.</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Controversial because some believed cut marks on fossils were caused by meat-eating and some believed they came from trampling by other animals.</li>
<ul>
<li>Early tool use vs no early tool use</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Why is the “Human Predatory Pattern” perhaps a more appropriate term than “meat-eating”?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Eat flesh scraps, brains, and marrow</li>
<li>Same behavior (percussion) applied to novel material (large ungulate bones)</li>
<li>Humans scavenged large carcasses at first using percussion and getting those fat packets and fueling brain</li>
<ul>
<li>Not ecologically beneficial for humans to go hunting in the trees chasing the animals down bc it's too costly </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>How is the “new paradigm” different from the old one?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>New paradigm involves complex tool-making as opposed to regular tool-making, regular HPP as opposed to HPP and the emergence of Later Homo as opposed to the origin of Homo. It occurred 2.6 - 1.6 Ma instead of 3.6 - 2.6 Ma as was previously thought in the original paradigm</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>How can we know if early Homo were hunters or scavengers? What would be evidence for one or the other?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Hunting by Homo, followed by carnivore scavenging</li>
<ul>
<li>Cut marks under tooth marks</li>
</ul>
<li>Animal deaths followed by homo scavenging</li>
<ul>
<li>Cut marks only</li>
</ul>
<li>Animals killed by carnivores were scavenged by Homo</li>
<ul>
<li>Cut marks above tooth marks</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<b><u>Archaic Homo</u></b><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Be able to name at least three species of Homo that lived in Africa at the same time. Be able to explain, using principles of behavioral ecology, how this is possible.</b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Homo ergaster - African</li>
<ul>
<li>1.9 - 1.4 mya</li>
</ul>
<li>Homo erectus - Asian</li>
<ul>
<li>1.8 - 1.3 mya</li>
</ul>
<li>Homo habilis </li>
<ul>
<li>2.8 - 1.4 mya</li>
</ul>
<li>Homo rudolfensis </li>
<ul>
<li>2.8 - 1.4 mya</li>
</ul>
<li>Behavioral ecology </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>There has to be niche separation in order for primates to co- exist in one habitat </li>
<ul>
<li>Body size, activity pattern, diet, locomotion</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>How did climate change in Africa about 1.8 Ma? Know three biological adaptations to this change that H. ergaster/erectus had.</u></b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Arid grasslands and rainfall seasonality</li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Increased body size</li>
<li>Reduced arm length</li>
<li>Narrower pelvis</li>
<li>Barrel shaped rib cage</li>
<li>More efficient bipedalism</li>
<ul>
<li>Reduce exposure to solar radiation</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know at least three derived and three primitive features of Homoergaster/erectus compared to earlier Homo</b></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #2d3639; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Derived: </span><br />
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>-Higher skull</li>
<li>-Shorter face vertically, less overall prognathism</li>
<li>-Projecting nose </li>
<li>Angular occipital with large torus </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Football shaped cranium</li>
</ul>
<li>Reduced postcanine dentition compared to anterior teeth</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #2d3639; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Primitive: </span><br />
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>-Brow ridges</li>
<li>-Receding forehead</li>
<li>-Flattened skull </li>
<li>-Broad flat face</li>
<li>No chin</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know at least two behavioral things that Homo ergaster/erectus did that were different from earlier Homo</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Enhanced capacity to sweat</li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Effected most efficiently by a reduction in body hair</li>
</ul>
<li>Body plan and facial structure optimized for heat loss and moisture retention</li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Long, narrow body and downward nostrils</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Archaic Homo</u></b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What is the “obstetric dilemma”? How has it been challenged and what is an alternative?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Obstetric dilemma: babies had to be born "early", while they could still fit through the gap of the narrower pelvises </li>
<li>The metabolic dilemma challenges this by saying that babies are born at a point where their energy demands threaten to outstrip the mother's energy capacity. At that point, human babies' brains still have a lot of growing and developing to do, simply because our adult brains are so large. Because of this we are highly dependent when born.</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know at least three kinds of evidence suggesting that H. erectus may have had life history traits somewhat more like a human than an ape?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>H. erectus had body size dimorphism similar to modern humans (Implies pair bonding)</li>
<li>Longer-lived individuals in large social units</li>
<ul>
<li>Grandmothering hypothesis</li>
</ul>
<li>Extremely dependent at birth</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What is the Acheulean (Mode 2)? How is it different from Mode 1? What can it tell us about teaching, learning, technical skill, and sociality?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>Acheulean handaxes - more pointy than mode 1. The entire stone is flaked </li>
<li>Wide flat base and pointy top</li>
<li>They are complex to manufacture which means that in order for them to be have replicated, the process had to be taught and socialization had to occur. Possibly the cause of origins of language</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know with what hominin the following first appear: fire, shelter, hafting, engravings, leaving Africa </b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Homo erectus</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-32024693514994824402018-05-08T14:20:00.000-07:002018-05-08T14:40:24.307-07:00ANT 201 Quiz 5 Study Guide <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Early Primate Environments</u></b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What are three main ways to find out about extinct organisms and ecosystems?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Genetics</li>
<li>Behavioral ecology</li>
<li>Morphology</li>
</ul>
<b id="docs-internal-guid-b4a096cc-419b-dffd-04a6-11be1e0a68a8" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What are the bony (e.g. skeletal) characteristics that unite ALL PRIMATES</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Postorbital bar </li>
<li>Postorbital closure </li>
<li>Olfaction in primates</li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Smelling is reduced</li>
</ul>
<li>Face located beneath the brain case </li>
<li>Primates have more upright posture </li>
<li>Foramen magnum rotated beneath the skull </li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">What are three main hypotheses for the origin of the Primate order? Which one does the fossil evidence most strongly support and why?</span></b></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The arboreal Theory </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Arboreal life was the key context in which natural selection would favor primate attributes</li>
<li>Example</li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Grasping hands and feet could hold onto branches </li>
<li>Running and leaping in an arboreal environment required binocular vision for judging distances</li>
<li>Sophisticated brains were needed to process the complex three dimensional space </li>
<li>Sense of smell was of diminished value in the shifting air of tree tops </li>
</ul>
<li>Problems</li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Many other organisms are also arboreal </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Visual predation hypothesis </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Orbit convergence and hand mobility </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Animals that hunt and track prey items tend to have high degrees of optic convergence and prehension in their extremities (grasping in their hands and feet)</li>
<li>Stereoscopy or parallax view </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Extreme convergence actually diminishes depth perception </li>
<li>This traits would be most useful in animals that needed a wide field of stereoscopic vision at close range </li>
<li>Therefore cartmill suggested that the ancestral primate was an insect hunting specialist that hunted in fine branches in the forest copy or undergrowth </li>
<li>Thus, already arboreal mammals came to rely on visually directed predation to capture arthropods and other small prey. </li>
</ul>
<li>Problematic because this suggest that the earliest primate did not depend of fruit flowers or other plant matter although primitive lemurs do just that </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Angiosperm hypothesis </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Megachiroptera (fruit bats) have primate like vision system but eat exclusively from angiosperm products</li>
<li>Angiosperms which are flowering plants </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Evolved in the late cretaceous </li>
<li>Had a radiation in the paleocene- followed by the appearance of the first primates</li>
</ul>
<li>Sussman hypothesized that </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>The new availability of rich and abundant fruits and flowers in the terminal branches of tropical forests provided a windfall of resources that were utilized by the earliest primate ancestors </li>
</ul>
<li>Fits with all of the primate traits because it </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Required sophisticated vision to spot colorful flowers and fruits at a distance </li>
<li>Demanded significant olfactory capabilities to assess fruits and flowers close up</li>
<li>Grasping hands and feet were favored in the terminal branches </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What were probable characteristics of the primate common ancestor?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Primate traits likely caused by angiosperm and insect radiations</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What was the climate like when primates first evolved, when monkeys evolved, and when apes evolved? (e.g. very warm, cooling off, etc.)</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Primates: started off very warm </li>
<li>Monkeys: cooler global temps</li>
<li>Apes: gradually got cooler </li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Early Primate Environments</u></b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>In what kinds of depositional environments are bones found and how do they preserve?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Volcanoes, rivers, and lakes deposit sediment</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know the geological Epochs in which primates, monkeys, apes, and hominins evolved.</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Primates: eocene</li>
<li>Monkeys: oligocene</li>
<li>Apes: miocene </li>
<li>Hominins: miocene</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Why is the Fayum an important fossil location?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Fayum paleoecology </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Subtropical to tropical lowland coastal plain </li>
<li>Riverine forests and possibly swampy conditions </li>
<li>Brackish streams flowing to the tethys Sea </li>
<li>Monsoonal conditions </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What is paleoecology, and what are at least two kinds of evidence we can use to reconstruct past environments?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Paleoecology is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales.</li>
<li>Advancement in techniques such as dating, dna, paleoenvironmental reconstruction </li>
<li>We can use isotopes to determine diet </li>
<li>Excavation and recovery methods are far more systematic </li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>The First Hominins</u></b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What are some of the main features of the apes (that can be found in skeletons)?</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li>No tail </li>
<li>Broad nose </li>
<li>Fewer lumbar vertebrae </li>
<li>Simple molars </li>
<li>Larger brain </li>
<li>Y-5 molar pattern</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What was the environmental context of ape evolution (e.g. in the early, middle, and late Miocene)?</b></span><br />
Miocene - time of ape evolution </div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Early miocene 23-16 mya </li>
<li>Warmer global temperatures </li>
<li>Expansion of forests northward </li>
<li>Early ape diversification </li>
<li>Apes in africa, asia, and europe!</li>
</ul>
Miocene - the time of ape evolution<br /><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Middle miocene - 16 - 11.6 mya</li>
<li>Gradually cooling climate </li>
<li>Forests still widespread </li>
<li>Apes in africa, asia, and europe </li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Miocene - time of ape evolution </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Late miocene - 11.6 - 5.3 mya</li>
<li>Much cooler, drier climate</li>
<li>Forests shrink </li>
<li>Mediterranean sea completely dries up completely </li>
<li>Monkeys diversify at the expense of apes </li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<b style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">What does an extinct Asian relative of the orangutan have to do with Bigfoot legends?</b><div>
<ul>
<li>Sivapithecus</li>
<ul>
<li>Evolved from a sivapithecus-like ancestor is this giant: Gigantopithecus </li>
<li>This is not from the miocene time period </li>
<li>This is “bigfoot”</li>
<li>Some people have tried to argue that bigfoot legends derive from a late-surviving gigantopithecus</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What was different about one group of African apes in the late Miocene? </b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>By 3.3 Million years ago there was an upright walking ape in africa with a brain a bit larger than a chimp </li>
<li>This ape had many other human like characteristics such as increased manipulative ability and reduced canines </li>
<li>It did NOT have all bipedal adaptations </li>
<li>Bipedalism preceded all other HUMAN adaptations </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Why is bipedalism such a focus of early hominin evolution research? </b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Tells you about the environment </li>
<li>Bipedalism preceded all other human adaptations </li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>The First Hominins</u></b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What is a hominin? Why do we blame genetics and different species concepts on the change from the term “hominid” to “hominin”?</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Hominins</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Humans and our upright walking ancestors </li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Genetically, we are far more closely related to chimps than they are to anything else </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Humans and chimps form a clade that excludes other apes </li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Hominid v Hominin </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Used to be that chimps were grouped with other great apes, based on superficial similarities </li>
<li>Thus humans and all our upright walking ancestors were considered hominids</li>
<li>Now the distinction must be finer; thus we move up two levels and use the tribe hominin</li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know at least three reasons it might be advantageous to walk on two legs?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Allows carriage of fruits</li>
<li>Allows carriage of babies</li>
<li>Allows organisms to forage at higher heights</li>
<li>Less solar radiation </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know six ways to tell from a fossil if an organism was bipedal from its skeleton (three above the neck and three below the neck). </b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Major modifications for bipedalism above the waist </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Inner ear bone shape </li>
<li>Foramen magnum placement</li>
<li>Curvature of spine (lordosis)</li>
<li>Barrel chest </li>
<li>Relatively shorter arms </li>
<li>Below the waist</li>
<li>Broad short pelvis</li>
<li>long femoral neck </li>
<li>Valgus angle </li>
<li>Convergent toe and arch</li>
<li>Short, straight phalanges</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<b style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">What are three traits of bipedalism that humans have but the earliest bipedal hominins did not?</b><br /><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Convergent big toe </li>
<li>Relatively shorter arms </li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know the following about Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, and Ardipithecus: region where it was found and what evidence was found (e.g. just a skull, some pieces of teeth and leg bones, nearly a whole skeleton, etc.)</b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Sahelanthropus tchadensis (7-6 mya)</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Oldest known hominin </li>
<li>Bipedal </li>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Foramen magnum (spinal cord skull connection) under the skull </li>
</ul>
<li>Brain similar to chimps </li>
<li>From chad </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Orrorin tugenensis (6 mya)</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Fragmentary postcrania and some teeth </li>
<li>Chimp-like teeth in some ways, human-like in others </li>
<li>Bipedal </li>
<ul>
<li>Features of the femur </li>
<li>From kenya </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ardipithecus Kadabba </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Terminal miocene </li>
<li>Teeth and a few postcranial bones</li>
<li>Honing premolar complex</li>
<li>Bipedal</li>
<ul>
<li>Features of the toe </li>
</ul>
<li>Ethiopia </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ardipithecus ramidus</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Spectacularly complete skeleton</li>
<li>Several different individuals </li>
<li>Bipedal</li>
<li>Still a small brain </li>
<li>Divergent big toe</li>
<li>Little sexual dimorphism (pair bonded? )</li>
<li>Thicker enamel and larger posterior teeth (human like)</li>
<li>Woodland habitat </li>
<li>Unanticipated feeding/ locomotor ecology </li>
<li>Ethiopia </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<b style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><u>Australopithecus and Paranthropus</u></b><br /><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Why were some scientists willing to accept that Piltdown Man was a genuine human ancestor? How did this influence their thinking about the Taung Child?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Most scientists were based in europe and they were mostly white men, so they want to believe that humans originated from europe this made them reject taung child </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What were some of the main factors that made the Taung Child come into greater acceptance? </b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Piltdown man was revealed to be a forgery!</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Fluorine testing discovered its hoax </li>
<li>Orangutan jaw with shaved down teeth </li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">1947 an adult A. africanus specimen was discovered and called Mr. Ples </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Big brain first idea was not holding true </li>
<li>Instead bipedalism is first! </li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know at least three “lessons learned” that are now common practice in modern paleoanthropology.</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Advancement in techniques such as dating, dna, paleoenvironmental reconstruction</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Know how many genera of hominins were present between 4 – 2 million years ago in Africa. What does this tell us about diversity in the hominin lineage at this time?</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Between ~4-2 mya we find many hominin species, sometimes living at the same time </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Australopithecus</li>
<li>Paranthropus</li>
<li>Kenyanthropus</li>
<li>Homo (for later)</li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>In what parts of Africa have most hominin fossils been found?</b></span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>East, south, and north central africa </li>
<li>Ethopia </li>
<li>Kenya </li>
<li>Tanzania </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Australopithecus and Paranthropus</u></b></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What are the key characteristics shared by all australopithecines? Know two from the teeth, two from the postcranial skeleton, and two “other things” (e.g. life history, locomotion, behavior)</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Teeth</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>intermediate diastema between apes and later hominids</li>
<li>Palate shape In between U shape (apes) and parabolic shape(humans)</li>
<li>Intermediate canine size between apes and later hominids</li>
<li>Canines are sexual dimorphisms </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Postcranial Skeleton </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Bipedal</li>
<li>Small bodies</li>
<li>Pronounced sexual dimorphisms </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Other things</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>‘Somewhat’ ape-like development patterns but longer period of growth</li>
<li>Woodland / scrub / grassland habitat</li>
<li>Still adept in trees </li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What are the two main branches of australopith? </b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Australopithecus anamensis</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>First australopith</li>
<li>Dry woodlands, riverine gallery forests, open grasslands</li>
<li>Kenya to ethiopia </li>
<li>Adaptations for both bipedality </li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Australopithecus afarensis</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Lucy </li>
<li>Ethiopia, kenya, tanzania</li>
<li>Remains from more than 300 individuals </li>
<li>Brain slightly larger than a chimp </li>
<li>Long strong arms</li>
<li>“Dikika Child” or “selam” you can see the eruption rate, matured more like an ape, small canines and anterior teeth like humans </li>
<li>Males 1.5m females 1.1m </li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Where did the following species live and were they gracile or robust? Can you name a fossil that represents at least four of them? Au. anamensis, Au. afarensis, Au. africanus, Au. sediba, P. robustus, P. aethiopicus, P. boisei . Which was the earliest one? Which was the latest one? Did they live side-by-side? Which has the best fossil record and what were at least two famous fossils found for it?</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> Au. anamensis</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Earliest</li>
<li>Gracile</li>
<li>Kenya ethiopia</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> Au. afarensis</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Gracile</li>
<li>Lucy</li>
<li>Dikka child</li>
<li>East africa</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> Au. africanus</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Gracile</li>
<li>South africa</li>
<li>Mrs. Ples</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> Au. sediba</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Gracile</li>
<li>MH1</li>
<li>South africa</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> P. robustus</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Robust</li>
<li>South Africa</li>
<li>Eurydice </li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> P. aethiopicus</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Robust</li>
<li>Black Skull</li>
<li>East africa</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> P. boisei </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Latest </li>
<li>Robust</li>
<li>Zinj</li>
<li>East and central africa </li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Why was Paranthropus mainly called robust?</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Not likely ancestral to homo </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li>Really big jaws and teeth </li>
<li>Specialized in chewing </li>
<li>Jaw required massive musculature to operate </li>
<li>This is why they are called the robust, face is strong looking </li>
<li>Prevalent skull </li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Which lineage was most likely the one that led to Homo? Why</b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Gracile </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-63314121834872227172017-07-04T19:31:00.001-07:002017-07-04T19:32:28.485-07:00Is ROMWE legit or a scam?Romwe is indeed a LEGIT website for shopping.<br />
Personally I enjoy the insanely cheap prices for the cute clothing.<br />
I have shopped from there before, and I have to say all the clothing were decent.<br />
Some I really liked, and some were just okay.<br />
<a name='more'></a>BEST BET in these sorts of websites is to buy SHIRTS. They are most likely to fit all. I would not recommend jeans or dresses as these types of clothing are less likely to fit well.<br />
<br />
The shirts I got were true to the pictures on the website. The one size I would say is a small/medium, so keep that in mind.<br />
<br />
DO NOT BE FOOLED by the 60% off promos. If you look closely, the items are mostly already 57%, 46%, etc off, so the "60%" off would be taking only 3%, 14%, etc off. BUT it doesn't bother me since it already is so cheap. The shipping was not too bad either. It came within a week, so it was pretty similar to other online stores in terms of shipping times.<br />
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Since it is so cheap, I would most definitely give this online shop a try. Good luck!<br />
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Heres the website link:<br />
<a href="http://www.romwe.com/">http://www.romwe.com/</a><br />
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<br />Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-91804859703416531512016-12-31T09:14:00.001-08:002016-12-31T09:14:46.989-08:00Best Freshmen Dorms at Emory 2016/2017Assignments for all freshmen dorms are RANDOM<br />
<br />
1. Raoul Hall<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Raoul Hall is the newest building. It has a ground floor and 4 floors above that. Raoul Hall is divided into two wings, the east and west wings. However the wings are connected, and the laundry room is located in only one of the wings. Rooms are biggest! Also Raoul Hall has suites as well as normal rooms. The best suite is the one with a vestibule because the rooms aren't connected to the bathroom. Also this hall has an elevator. Floors are co-ed. </li>
</ul>
2. Longstreet Means Hall<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>LSM is also relatively new, and it is the largest dorm hall. The lobby is very nice (residents brag about the fireplace), and there is a ground floor and 5 floors above that. This hall also has an elevator, and the bathrooms are relatively clean. This hall also has suites but doesn't have the vestibule ones. Floors are co-ed. </li>
</ul>
<div>
3. Turman/Hamilton </div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>These halls are also relatively nice, but they are simply smaller buildings. These dorms do not have suites, but they are all near the freshman quad. Since these halls are smaller, they usually team up for songfest. These halls have elevators. Floors are co-ed. </li>
</ul>
<div>
4. Alabama</div>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>This hall probably has one of the best locations on campus because it is in the center and right next to the dining hall (but that also means that these residents are not in the freshman quad area). This hall has an elevator and no suites. Floors are single sex.</li>
</ul>
5. Complex (Hopkins, Smith, Thomas) </div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Complex has one of the worst locations on campus. It is on the opposite end of the freshman quad. Sinks are not as nice as the ones in the halls listed above. No suites, and floors are single sex. One good thing is that it is near the library. Ive also heard they do not clean the bathroom as much :( However rooms are not as small/crusty as the ones in Dobbs. </li>
</ul>
<div>
6. Dobbs</div>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Dobbs is crusty and moldy lol. Rooms are very small. Desks must go under the beds to make room, so the beds are so high up that you can touch the ceiling when sitting up in bed. Floors are single sex. However it is in a prime location, in the center of campus and across the dining hall (alabama and dobbs are near each other). It also has a really beautiful exterior, but it really means nothing when the inside sucks lmao. </li>
</ul>
<div>
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</div>
<div>
****My advice on getting a good dorm is to make your preference co-ed for your floors. Don't try to match your survey quiz to match the dorm halls because themes can change every year. Also do not apply for the social innovations or global connections themed housing. I heard it is a pain in the ass because you have to devote around 10 hours a week. You can still get good halls without applying because usually only the ground floor is made for these themes. </div>
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<div>
GOOD LUCK!! and ask questions in the comments :) </div>
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Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-16916319249985624672016-07-21T11:39:00.000-07:002016-07-21T11:40:23.221-07:00Best KPOP YouTubers JREKML<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/JREKML1">https://www.youtube.com/user/JREKML1</a><br />
This guy is funny as hell and he does a variety of videos from reactions, skits, covers and vlogs.<br />
<br />
2MinJinkJongkey<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd8i08F7pf0JBO3sfyax5sw">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd8i08F7pf0JBO3sfyax5sw</a><br />
These girls are hilarious. I love it when they fangirl and go crazy :D<br />
<br />
KeNNyBoy SLaY<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/AlPhaKeNNyMaNn">https://www.youtube.com/user/AlPhaKeNNyMaNn</a><br />
He loves all of the yg fam and his fanboy feels are real.<br />
<br />
MRJKPOP<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MRJKPOP">https://www.youtube.com/user/MRJKPOP</a><br />
He is different from the rest in that he does detailed in depth reviews of kpop songs and he delves in the technical realm of the sounds in the song. <br />
<br />
KPDAYO<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/KPDayo">https://www.youtube.com/user/KPDayo</a><br />
This guy is really cool and he has good vibes :)<br />
<br />
Who are your favorites? comment down below!<br />
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<br />Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-74418904162152294712016-07-02T12:58:00.000-07:002016-07-02T12:58:10.107-07:00Best Kpop Albums of 2016 (so far)No particular order :)<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Vixx - Zelos</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYu00IL3-z4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYu00IL3-z4</a></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">EXO - EX'ACT</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tZ_cmjkzX8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tZ_cmjkzX8</a></b></li>
</ul>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Dean - 130 Mood: TRBL</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wpX6164uk4&list=PLfxNaGj0UY0ZPpw_tVqxsK6ctWwOwruGg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wpX6164uk4&list=PLfxNaGj0UY0ZPpw_tVqxsK6ctWwOwruGg</a></b></li>
</ul>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Lee Hi - Seoulite</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIEdrfxxKEk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIEdrfxxKEk</a></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Crush - Interlude</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQnLDSV0__I">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQnLDSV0__I</a></b></li>
</ul>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sam Kim - I AM SAM</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzW2ehVHDRI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzW2ehVHDRI</a></b></li>
</ul>
<div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">BTS - Young Forever </span></b></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0g-T5VL_Y7k">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0g-T5VL_Y7k</a> </b></li>
</ul>
</div>
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What were your favorites? :)<br />
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<br />Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-8325643249506367902016-06-18T23:49:00.002-07:002016-06-18T23:49:36.522-07:00AP World History Study Guide Answers <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. Explain gender roles within hunter / gatherer societies?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Men: leadership roles, hunting roles; Women: gathered nuts, fruits, and vegetables. Although were men still superior to women, the status gap b/w men and women was not wide </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<b id="docs-internal-guid-28c8fe6f-676b-719b-0220-ab7a5a03c6d2" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. Explain the (changes / transformations / impact) of the Neolithic Revolution on: political / economic and social institutions.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Through domestication of animals, there was a higher yield of crops because animals were used on the field</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Agriculture allowed for a stable food source</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">With more food, populations began to bloom which resulted in even more food because of there were more workers out on the fields</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">More jobs opened up for things besides agriculture since only a few people needed to work on the fields</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The status gap between men and women began to widen, and men became the dominant figure in early civilizations. A patriarchal society arose as women and men assumed different roles; women took care of the children and cooked while men hunted and took on leadership roles. </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Settlements differed greatly from those of the nomads because the nomads never made permanent stayings </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. What were some of the major developments / contributions of the Hittites?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Utilized horses in battles, making horse chariots</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The hittite land contained a lot of iron deposits leading to the new invention of iron weapons and armor; they were cheaper and more abundant than bronze, copper, silver </span></div>
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</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One of the most influential Indo-European migrants in Ancient times.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Earliest people to migrate into the Middle East.</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. What was the major contribution of the Phoenicians?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phoenicians were important in the realm of language and writing; they created an alphabet based on that of the Greek and Roman (22 characters); a huge step forward from the use of pictographs; their alphabet is even laid out the foundations for other western societies</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5. Explain the origins of writings systems in Mesopotamia?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">First type of written language = cuneiform; written by sumerians in 2900 BCE to keep track of tax collections; used graphic/picture symbols </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6. What was the status of women in Mesopotamia?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Women of higher status were given less respect than those in the lower classes</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Numerous powerful goddesses were worshiped such as the fertility gods</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">7. Explain a patriarchal society.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The head of the household = oldest male member</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Vested authority over public & private affairs in adult males; males were given the authority of decision making </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">8. What are some of the major (similarities / differences) between the Mesopotamia and Egyptian societies – pay attention to their views on religion and the role of women in those societies.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Egypt had predictable and controllable floodings, however Mesopotamia had unpredictable floods.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In Egypt, women had a higher status than those in Mesopotamia.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Mesopotamians on the other hand were more skilled and advanced in astronomy and math than the Egyptians were.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Both groups were polytheistic and worshipped several gods.</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9. What is the major premise of Hammurabi’s Code of Law?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Relied heavily on “Law of Retaliation” where offenders of the law suffered punishments resembling their violations.(</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">lex talionis) </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ex. An eye for an eye...</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10. What was the major contribution of the Hebrew culture?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Introduced monotheism, belief in a single god.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jewish beliefs and traditional stories were written down and later became basic to Christianity and Islam (led to the development of other religions).</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">11. Explain the characteristics of a “city-state”?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">City-State: urban areas surrounding agricultural areas, single city (both a country & capital city at once), independent rulership (ruled by a single ruler/king), own form of currency, impose taxes & tariffs, own militia/army</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12. What were some of the major differences with regards to the transition of river valley societies to classical societies?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">trade increased and became more long distant </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">more frequent events of conquering neighboring areas leading to more expansion of their society</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">More sophisticated cultural and religious systems</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">13. What was the concept of the Mandate of Heaven?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mandate of Heaven: Emperors were given divine power from the gods; dynasties rise and fall according to heaven’s will or ancestors; Cho dynasty ruled with the Mandate of heaven .</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">14. How important was the veneration of ancestors in Chinese society?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ancestor Veneration= very important in Chinese societies; Chinese believed that the spirits of their ancestors passed into another realm of existence in which they had the power and support to protect their surviving families; Descendants had to display proper ancestral respect through offerings and prayer.</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">15. Explain the major: (beliefs / elements / aspects of) Confucian thought?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Emphasis on the importance of harmony, order, and obedience.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Valued 5 types of relationships:</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-emperor/subject, father/son, older/younger brother, husband/wife, friend/friend.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reinforced patriarchal society/family structure.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> filial piety, or devotion of the child to his parents, was the foundation for all others.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">16. What was concept of “dynasty” – in Chinese history / tradition?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dynasty: succession of rulers from the same family; family/group that maintains power for several generations; used the mandate of heaven; forms the dynastic cycle </span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">17. What was the premise of Legalism? How was it used by the Qin / Han political units in China and what overall impact did it have of the political legacy of China?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Legalism:emphasized strict obedience and harsh punishments; philosophy of Shi Huangdi and the Qin dynasty; put an end to the period of Warring States & brought unification of China.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">18. Who was Qin Shi Huangdi – his policies – and what (impact / legacy) did he had on China? </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Qin Shi Huangdi</span></div>
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</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-1st emperor of China of the Qin Dynasty</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-policies= based on Legalism (harsh punishments)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-feared for his power and ruthlessness</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-wiped out Confucian teachings and burned Confucian books/killed Confucian scholars.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Accomplishments that led to Chinese unification:</span></div>
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</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-standardized laws and currency</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-built roads and bridges</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-standardized Chinese script (universal Chinese script/writing)</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">19. What were the origins of the Confucian Civil Service Exam? What was the point in creating a meritocracy? What impact did it have on the political establishment of China?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Confucian Civil Service Exam (based on wealth)</span></div>
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</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-exam system in imperial China that was designed to </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">select the best potential candidates to serve as administrative officials, for the purpose of recruiting them for the state's bureaucracy.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-The exams were designed so that the wealthy people had a greater advantage at passing and earning a degree. So generally, only wealthy people could afford to prepare for these tests.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-created a highly educated government workforce.</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Meritocracy (based on talent)</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">- a system in which people are rewarded and advanced based on ability and talent rather than social status or wealth(or heredity). </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-This bureaucracy based on merit was especially prominent for thirteen centuries in China, during which government officials were chosen from the top ranks of the Confucian educational system based on imperial civil service examinations. </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20. What was the premise of Taoist thought? How was it (different / similar) to that of Confucian ideology?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Taoism</span></div>
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</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-natural order is more important than social order</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-go with the flow; be one with nature .</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Taoism VS Confucianism</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-Confucianism: activist & extroverted</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-Taoism: reflective & introspective</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-Both encouraged self-knowledge & acceptance of the way things are.</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">21. Explain the Aryan invasion of India – what were the major cultural traits of the Aryans and how did those help shape what would become known as “Indian” culture?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Aryans came from the Caucasus Area and arrive in the Indian subcontinent.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Originally nomadic, but eventually began settling in the fertile Ganges River area.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Imposed caste system on natives; Influenced much of Hinduism </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">22. What were the Vedas?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Religious texts of Hinduism and vedic religion </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A lot were preserved orally; the four major collections are the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">23. What was the basis for the Indian Caste system? What were the major components / elements of the Caste System? How does the concept of “social mobility” work within the framework of the Caste System?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and Harijans</span></div>
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</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">social mobility occurs only within the designated caste level </span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">24. What role did the Brahmin priests play in Hindu society?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">They were the highest level in the caste system </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">25. Explain the concepts of: (samsara / Moksha / Karma / Dharma).</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Samsara - the repeating cycle of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">birth</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">life</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">death</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">rebirth</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">/</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reincarnation" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">reincarnation</span></a></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Moksha - liberation from reincarnation; departure from samsara </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Karma - deeds that determine the next life in the reincarnation cycle </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dharma - the duties given to individuals in each caste system. ex: wife’s dharma is to serve her husband. If dharma is fulfilled, individuals are rewarded in their next life with a higher caste </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /><br /><br /></b><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">26. How could you compare China’s political development to that of India’s during the classical period?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Classical China (“the Hans”) - built upon centralization practices of Qin, but less harsh; mandate of heaven in use, division of central gov’t into civilian, military, censorate; large bureaucracy funded by taxes of peasants; military dominance</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Classical India (“The Gupta”) - built upon fragmentation and regionalism, didn’t develop solid political traditions and institutions like china; chief source of revenue = agriculture; lack of individuals with political brilliance, Gupta left the decision making to allies in various regions of the Empire; loyalty was ensured by stationing a representative of the royal court at each sub-ruler’s court </span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">27. What was the practice of the Sati?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">T</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">he former Hindu practice of a widow throwing herself onto her husband's funeral pyre.</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">28. Explain the political make-up of the Gupta and how did it compare to the Mauryan Empire?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Gupta Empire did not have an extensive bureaucracy. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the Mauryan Empire, four major provinces were ruled by governors which were overseen by one emperor. </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">29. What were some of the major technological and cultural developments during the Gupta Empire?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Invented concept of zero; astronomy flourished and discoveries were made about the shape of earth and the number of days in a year; roles of women significantly dropped</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">30. What were the major elements of Buddhist thought? Including the Four Noble Truths and Nirvana.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. The truth of suffering (dukkha)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. The truth of cause of suffering (samudaya)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. The truth of the end of suffering (nirodha)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga)</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nirvana - a state of being one with the universe and being of great wisdom </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Eightfold path to enlightenment - the eight steps to Nirvana that enable an individual to unite with the universal spirit. Changes in thought and intentions → changes in lifestyle/actions → meditations → eventually a “breakthrough” occurs and the individual gains a whole new understanding of life: Right knowledge, right thought, right speech, right behavior, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Boddhisatvas - saints that helped others reach Nirvana</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /><br /></b><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">31. Be able to compare the (beliefs / ideology / practices) of Hinduism and Buddhism.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Both originated from india </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Both groups believe in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Karma, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">t</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">he affect a person’s actions in this life will change his next life. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hindus believe in caste system, but Buddhists do not.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Both believe the good deeds of a person are their work for salvation and their salvation will decide their next life, when they are reincarnated.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Both believe that our suffering is caused by excessive attachment to things and people in the physical world.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Both believe in reaching a state of peace and oneness with the world; Buddhism = nirvana; hinduism = moksha </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">32. Who was Ashoka and what impact did he have on Buddhism in India?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ashoka was a late Mauryan Emperor, and he converted to Buddhism and promoted its practices. Due to this, Buddhism spread more within India.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ashoka also glorified road networks with wells and rest stops, and he encouraged commerce </span></div>
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</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">33. What groups within Indian society would be drawn to Buddhism and why would that be the case?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Slaves, lower class, untouchables because buddhism allowed anyone to reach Nirvana whereas only those in the highest caste system in hinduism could reach Moksha. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">During the Gupta empire, because women were severely looked down upon, some converted and entered buddhist communities </span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 10pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 24px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unit 2</span></h2>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. What role did (topography / geography) play in shaping the (political / economic) features of Greek society? Explain the movement of the early Greeks – the colonization period. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Greek topography consisted of several oceans and water sources so the Greeks placed their cities near the water ports taking advantage of its resource. Through the colonization period, the Greeks moved throughout the sea by ships. Also, the Greek empire was composed of city-states because it was made up of islands.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. How do the political systems that emerged in early Greek societies (compare / contrast) to political structures in other societies that we have covered? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unlike other societies with an emperor, the Greek society was democratic and had a voting system.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. What were the elements of Greek “democracy”? (Definitions / criteria / limitations of). </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Even though it was a democracy, not everyone had rights. Only male citizens were eligible to vote, and women, foreigners, and slaves weren’t able to participate in politics.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. What were some of the differences with regards to the role of women in Athenian society to that of Spartan? </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Women had much more rights and were considered more equal in the Spartan society compared to the Athenian society. In the Spartan society, women were more independent since the men were always off at war. They were also able to divorce and remarry. Athenian women had few rights and were often controlled by their father or husband. Marriage was arranged, and they were often veiled.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5. What was the make-up of Spartan society? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the Spartan society, men as well as women were very educated and both went through physical training. The boys went through military training too. There were also Olympic games.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6. Explain the impact that Alexander the Great had on the Eastern Mediterranean world (emphasis should be placed on the Hellenistic elements in that region)?</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Alexander the Great invaded several parts of the Mediterranean and had started the Hellenistic society. This was an era where art, literature, math, and culture prospered</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">7. Explain the concept of the: Pax Romana? Why was it an important time period in Roman history? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the Roman Empire, Pax Romana was the era of peace and prosperity and had first begun under the rule of Emperor Augustus.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">8. What was the importance of the Latifundia in the Roman economy? </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Latifundia are piece of land specialized for growing certain goods and was operated by slaves. In the Roman empire, the wealthy class were able to benefit from the Latifundia and as a result became wealthier. However, the poor class didn’t receive any profit from the Latifundia.</span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9. Be able to compare the political structure of Athens to that of the Roman Republic. </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Athens- democracy, majority wins </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rome- the community elects a representative which represents the community in congress </span></div>
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</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10. How was Christianity “viewed” in the early Roman Empire (before Constantine)? </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Roman government worried that Jesus would spread resistance to Roman rule in Judea; the Roman governor of Judea (Pontius Pilate) ordered Jesus to be executed by crucifixion </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Christianity was looked upon as a cult prior to Constantine. </span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">11. What role did Paul & St. Augustine play in the expansion and development of Christianity? </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Paul spread christianity throughout the jews and the romans. He said that Jesus was the son of god. He played a huge role in converting many people into christianity.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Originally known as Saul, Paul persecuted Christians until temporarily blinded by a light. He changed to Paul and converted to Christianity.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">St.Augustine influenced christianity in the western side. He was the one to develop the concept of the catholic church.</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12. Explain the role that Constantine had on Christianity (Edict of Milan) and (Council of Nicea) </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 312 CE Constantine I became the 1st Emperor to convert to Christianity; In 313 CE he issued the Edict of Milan which restored freedoms & equality to Christians; much influence from his christian mother </span></div>
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</ul>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">13. What were some of the elements that led to the deterioration and collapse of classical civilizations in: Han China, Gupta India, and the Western Roman Empire. </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">internal conflicts, external invasions, political(military dictatorship=rebellions) , economic(debt), and family(lack of family structure= males no longer dominant figure) issues </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">14. Why was the collapse of the Roman Empire more “devastating” than the collapse of imperial order in India and China? </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">rome collapsed instantly which hurt the empire whereas india and china still maintained the empires but every so often had a change in power which did not disrupt the empire overall</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">15. Why did philosophy emerge in Greek society? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">it emerged because they wanted to answer the world’s question logically and with reasoning, not with the magical forces of their gods and goddesses </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">16. How were Christians treated in the Roman Empire during the time period of 50 to 300 CE? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">many were persecuted and looked down upon </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Christians became Martyrs (people who sacrifice life for beliefs) & helped spread Christianity).</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">17. What were some of the changes that occurred in Chinese society after the collapse of the Han dynasty? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Buddhism spread from India to China. (Buddhism helped people cope with the chaotic times)</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Internal struggle = Civil war, and nomads invaded the country before the government collapsed.</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">18. What impact or major development occurred with regards to Emperor Ashoka on Buddhism (also – what were his stone pillars)? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">spread buddhism from south asia to east asia through monks that set out to diffuse the culture </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">19. Compare and contrast the (role / status / view of) merchants in various classical societies. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the chinese held their peasants higher than merchants because the peasants produced food </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in india merchants are considered vaisyas which are third highest from the brahmins indicating the slight more importance of trade in this society </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20. Explain the changes in (ideology / beliefs) of Buddhism after the death of the Buddha – what accounted for these changes and for the development of Mahayana Buddhism? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Buddha is food poisoned to death, and after his death although he forbid it, people began to worship him as a god</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">21. What was the view of women in early Christianity and Buddhism? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">men and women were of equal status </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">22. Explain the concept of syncretism? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Syncretism is the combining of different, contradictory beliefs, while melding practices of various </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_thought" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">schools of thought</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">23. What was the importance of the Silk Road – what were the goods / diseases / religions that migrated along this system of transportation? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Black death(bubonic plague), smallpox, measles </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">silk, spices(ginger,cloves,nutmeg,mace),cotton textiles, pearls,coral,ivory </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Buddhism spread into asia </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">24. Pay attention to particular works of art and architecture in Persia, China, Greece, Rome and India during the classical period – take a look at pictures in your textbook.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Greek Architecture: Doric Column - the most simple and plain</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Ionic Column - a little more detailed </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Corinthian Column - very detailed, distinguished by elaborate</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">leaves </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-15892600084706587772016-06-18T23:46:00.002-07:002016-06-18T23:46:11.787-07:00Siddhartha Precis<span id="docs-internal-guid-09def5b3-6768-5bb5-1273-82149d9c0b07"></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In “The Son” of Herman Hesse’s novel </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Siddhartha</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, he illustrates that the relationship between Siddhartha and his son was inharmonious ultimately ending with young Siddhartha running away from his father who could not satisfy the materialistic needs and values of the son. Hesse depicts this deteriorating relationship by portraying the disobedient qualities of the son (“Young Siddhartha was distressing his father with his defiance and had broken both rice bowls.”) and by also showcasing the love-hate relationship Siddhartha himself was experiencing (“But he loved him and preferred the sorrow and the trouble of his love rather than happiness and pleasure without the boy.”). By referencing eastern cultures, Hesse highlights the difficulties and struggles that arose between Siddhartha and his son in order to expose the rather unpleasant side to all father son relationships and to suggest that all birds eventually need to leave their nests and find their own paths (“But let him go, my friend, he is not a child anymore, he knows how to look after himself.”). Hesse implements numerous self-reflective thoughts and feelings into the character of Siddhartha (“And when he reflected further, he found that he was not troubled about his son, that inwardly he knew he had neither come to any harm nor was threatened with danger in forest.”), and by doing so, his writings reach out to people who are also on their own path and journey to life, and through a wise tone, he demonstrates how Siddhartha endures and overcomes his internal battle, a process relatable to most people. </span></div>
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Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-11544016927112869872016-06-18T23:37:00.005-07:002016-06-18T23:38:39.290-07:00Literary Criticism of Crime and Punishment<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Crime and Punishment </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">is loosely a reflection of Dostoevsky’s life. The characters in this book resemble those in his personal life, and the novel is a manifestation of the Dostoevsky’s inner thoughts and emotions after imprisonment. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dostoevsky was charged of committing actions that criticized the government, church, and tsar, and he was sent to imprisonment in Siberia. While in Siberia, he came to realize that “the criminal himself decides to accept torment in order to redeem his act... criminals had a spiritual need to be punished” (Dartmouth College). Dostoevsky embed his ideas and morals in Raskolnikov which led to the confession of this character’s murders. He believed that confession was the ultimate punishment because the mental struggles leading up to the confession, as depicted with Raskolnikov, proved to be the agonizing when confronting the self. In many ways Dostoevsky molds his way of thinking into Raskolnikov. Dostoevsky had believed in free speech and his intentions were innocent; he had no desire in a revolution. However, the government declared he was guilty, and thus he believed that “taking a new step, uttering a new word is what men fear most” (pg.2). </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1864 Dostoevsky's brother, Mikhail, had died, so Dostoevsky took on his brother’s debts, and along with his own financial troubles, Dostoevsky remained in debt for many years which parallels Raskolnikov’s character who was always poor. Through Raskolnikov’s character, Dostoevsky was able to show the bitterness he had towards his situation. While in prison, Dostoevsky wrote, “There were moments when I hated everybody I came across, innocent or guilty, and looked at them as thieves who were robbing me of my life with impunity. The most unbearable misfortune is when you yourself become unjust, malignant, vile; you realize it, you even reproach yourself – but you just can’t help it”, which were some of the traits he uses to characterize Raskolnikov (Dartmouth College). For example in the novel, Raskolnikov had severe mood swings: “suddenly a strange surprising sensation of a sort of bitter hatred for Sonia passed through his heart...his hatred vanished like a phantom” (pg.321). This shows how difficult Dostoevsky believes self-discipline proves to be which explains why the punishment of confession is so tormentful.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Katerina Ivanova highly resembled Dostoevsky’s mother, and her character reveals Dostoevsky’s inner feelings toward his own mother. Dostoevsky’s mother bore many children, had a tyrannical husband, and died of tuberculosis. He had hated her, and he was jealous that her love went to his siblings. However in the novel, Katerina is depicted as a person who would do anything to keep her children from starving and as a wife that was suffering from the actions of her husband. This reveals that Dostoevsky had at times pitied his own mother, and through Sonia’s words about her mother such as “she is quite like a child... her mind is quite unhinged, you see... from sorrow”, Dostoevsky tries to defend her (pg. 251). As said by Holquist, “Such anger and compassion for his mother might account for Dostoevsky's complex rendering of women as saints and whores.” This type of characterization can be seen through Sonia. Dostoevsky illustrates Sonia as a young woman that is forced into prostitution as her last option to support her sick mother and young siblings. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The knowledge of Dostoevsky’s background and days of confinement explains the ideals and themes of</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Crime and Punishment. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Raskolnikov talks of Napoleon and great people who do not have to be punished for their crimes. They are not punished because they do not not feel sorry for the victim since they believe the sacrifice was needed in order for great accomplishments (pg. 210). Here Dostoevsky makes a philosophical point. It is up to the individual to decide whether he has committed wrong and thus go through the process of confession. People define their own standards of crime, and even if others accuse them of guilt, penalizing judgements such as time in jail are not true forms of punishment. The lessons learned through self discipline and confession dictate true mental punishment which eventually leads to spiritual enlightenment. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Citations</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dartmouth College. "The Brothers Karamazov." The Brothers Karamazov. Dartmouth College, 4 Jan. 2012. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. <</span><a href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~karamazov/resources/?page_id=513" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.dartmouth.edu/~karamazov/resources/?page_id=513</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, and Constance Garnett. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Crime and Punishment</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2001. Print.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Holquist, Michael. "'The Freud of Fiction'? : DOSTOEVSKY The Author as Psychoanalyst by Louis Breger." </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Los Angeles Times</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Los Angeles Times, 03 June 1990. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. <</span><a href="http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-03/books/bk-957_1_dostoevsky-breger-freud" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-03/books/bk-957_1_dostoevsky-breger-freud</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">>. </span></div>
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Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-85136227689398678012016-06-17T11:59:00.000-07:002016-06-17T12:03:27.009-07:00BEST RELIABLE SAFE PLACE TO BUY KPOP ALBUMSAs a U.S. resident, its hard to get our hands on kpop albums. For people who live in major cities like LA or New York City, it might be a little easier because there are korean album stores near by. BUT if you live in a small city where no one knows this genre of music exists, its frustrating.<br />
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So where do we turn to? Online stores. So i looked at kpopmart and kpoptown and got all excited because there are a plethora of albums for relatively cheap, and then it all goes down from there. The shipping costs too much and takes way too long (1/2 months) which is understandable because the items are coming from asia aka the other side of the world.<br />
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Disheartened, I did more research. Finally, I found an online that is based in the united states. Praise the lords. Hallelujah. Here is the link to the store: <a href="http://www.ebay.com/usr/music-plaza?_trksid=p2060353.m2749.l2754">http://www.ebay.com/usr/music-plaza?_trksid=p2060353.m2749.l2754</a><br />
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It's called <b>music-plaza</b> and its actually a real store in LA (pretty popular too i think), and they post their items for sale on ebay. They have about everything, and I am so glad to have found it. I have made 2 orders in the past. I live on the east coast (so the farthest it can be from LA), and both orders came within <b>4/5 days</b>. Shipping usually costs around 4 dollars for each item (depends on the actual price of the album), and the price of the album is also very reasonable. I have a total of 5 albums from them, and they all came in great condition. Also sometimes they'll throw in free complementary stickers as bonuses.<br />
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Check out two of the albums I bought off of Music-plaza:<br />
EXO EX'ACT Monster ver. <a href="http://tyoufme.blogspot.com/2016/06/exo-exact-album-monster-ver.html">http://tyoufme.blogspot.com/2016/06/exo-exact-album-monster-ver.html</a><br />
VIXX ZELOS <a href="http://tyoufme.blogspot.com/2016/06/vixx-zelos-album-reviewpictures.html">http://tyoufme.blogspot.com/2016/06/vixx-zelos-album-reviewpictures.html</a><br />
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I hope this helped :) Have fun buying albums!<br />
<br />Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-89071397731477602692016-06-17T11:25:00.001-07:002016-06-17T12:06:29.957-07:00VIXX Zelos Album Review/Pictures<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh19CuWdZf841zJU6-rKAFWI_qZHX1j6LFiRCv-sZRbeCzDw6XiXb4tNWYFDxkqj23xOOjMTnYCGrD71zjSwt-1b6am15ya3cGgz-baVL4ldpdb7UUUotrAncvKESac8-BQHCY8jl6_do-Y/s1600/FullSizeRender+%252813%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh19CuWdZf841zJU6-rKAFWI_qZHX1j6LFiRCv-sZRbeCzDw6XiXb4tNWYFDxkqj23xOOjMTnYCGrD71zjSwt-1b6am15ya3cGgz-baVL4ldpdb7UUUotrAncvKESac8-BQHCY8jl6_do-Y/s320/FullSizeRender+%252813%2529.jpg" width="253" /></a></div>
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The cover is a darker hotter pink and it has and eye shaped drawing on top. The circle in the middle is actually a cutout. I personally like the spunky abnormal feel of it. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXCgR34kZwlD5YG15XZPBKaxCDYMnCqsOURH3o1rPynqK65klPT671OdJ-NIPgzm0oZSwS_562AsnKszcb3T1hA1jG0-oRQ9B_jFnBTRD1Q6dIPJc_v1gt1vCqny1kbiMtlOdxTYChUia6/s1600/FullSizeRender+%252814%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXCgR34kZwlD5YG15XZPBKaxCDYMnCqsOURH3o1rPynqK65klPT671OdJ-NIPgzm0oZSwS_562AsnKszcb3T1hA1jG0-oRQ9B_jFnBTRD1Q6dIPJc_v1gt1vCqny1kbiMtlOdxTYChUia6/s320/FullSizeRender+%252814%2529.jpg" width="250" /></a></div>
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This is the photo book without the cover. It has a broken heart shaped drawing in the middle. The book itself is very nice quality and the pages are thick. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-vIXwBKqm5_Nyu0v9lRKTpbArx8lWi1wGARW4U3kmtOmEzwrqITu9VqfTHQ5Viw6B5YBVCPXqVKrRgymO583CHYY0Ae6nIIf5kq1ZCVSh0yYIwEBGligNxKduLn6Zq7EScxw60sFpHoG8/s1600/FullSizeRender+%252815%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-vIXwBKqm5_Nyu0v9lRKTpbArx8lWi1wGARW4U3kmtOmEzwrqITu9VqfTHQ5Viw6B5YBVCPXqVKrRgymO583CHYY0Ae6nIIf5kq1ZCVSh0yYIwEBGligNxKduLn6Zq7EScxw60sFpHoG8/s320/FullSizeRender+%252815%2529.jpg" width="224" /></a></div>
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At the last page at the end of the book, there is a little envelope that contains the CD.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV-XoqfDSliFNGEVFLOWwU5KrM1U7e64Rra7BFyBEo5S7WDCuSze9x4w17cKn_WTDLOCjCDh_H6tKMI1gLK0uAFQfGrgW2BM9QVL3MJSS1R4hCP8yCImuO_1z6eqYgRpygn1zRAT1GzPCC/s1600/IMG_4663.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV-XoqfDSliFNGEVFLOWwU5KrM1U7e64Rra7BFyBEo5S7WDCuSze9x4w17cKn_WTDLOCjCDh_H6tKMI1gLK0uAFQfGrgW2BM9QVL3MJSS1R4hCP8yCImuO_1z6eqYgRpygn1zRAT1GzPCC/s320/IMG_4663.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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Oh and I got a Hyuk Photocard!</div>
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<span style="color: white;"> </span><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiwLu3oF3v1BKpz0soHGVzonswiY_88CJ1xCiGRqEHOMcjQkyyQV6MAKI-ajPvHqsbPDqgh1QpyFvBQbp8syW-O0bMkd8SUcJkMzL2GPLufdXCF1mmsXrXhUWQw0aRd6qBQh_UaO64qNh-/s320/FullSizeRender+%252816%2529.jpg" width="216" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO-0ueq8NoJiUv2OGqdBOELgn7szBy9khTEi2d0oAOVaFgqP9AIJQD-lSMmg7wjzUy_huLGRAshm272YciMSd374rWZZyIwcHAkz62bYfdv_wja6QH6AW1KR1OEfOKG-S7lq-am7Wn4q0a/s1600/IMG_4669.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO-0ueq8NoJiUv2OGqdBOELgn7szBy9khTEi2d0oAOVaFgqP9AIJQD-lSMmg7wjzUy_huLGRAshm272YciMSd374rWZZyIwcHAkz62bYfdv_wja6QH6AW1KR1OEfOKG-S7lq-am7Wn4q0a/s320/IMG_4669.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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cute cute cute kyaa >.<</div>
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Leo</div>
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Ravi</div>
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Hyuk</div>
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Ken</div>
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Hongbin</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX1oNRX-rnloDUbSwPJKsPgtXae4U5OnccwSOQqSYnu8zy7rfjPCqt0yDqmLlEW7FA09t2Ak7pBYsCQFuJHGX_Ibrf8pjrbH1h_1gA4sjW60hSGscT3P73SX3xtgYnh9vQ-6iLk4vuyyPf/s1600/IMG_4695.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX1oNRX-rnloDUbSwPJKsPgtXae4U5OnccwSOQqSYnu8zy7rfjPCqt0yDqmLlEW7FA09t2Ak7pBYsCQFuJHGX_Ibrf8pjrbH1h_1gA4sjW60hSGscT3P73SX3xtgYnh9vQ-6iLk4vuyyPf/s320/IMG_4695.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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There are many more great pictures, but I can't post them all haha. I think this album is very different from their last album chained up, so I think the zelos album is good to have in your collection. The pictures are all very colorful. I'm usually the type to appreciate the outdoors/forest/street scenes, but these pics were really nice. (lol and vixx is my bias group soooo) This is their title track dynamite <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bnIb1JJHdA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bnIb1JJHdA</a> Its a spunky feel good music!</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Check out where I bought this album for cheap and fast! </span></div>
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<a href="http://tyoufme.blogspot.com/2016/06/best-reliable-safe-place-to-buy-kpop.html"><span style="font-size: large;">http://tyoufme.blogspot.com/2016/06/best-reliable-safe-place-to-buy-kpop.html</span></a></div>
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<br />Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-21479730585880742222016-06-17T10:53:00.000-07:002018-05-08T15:34:49.235-07:00EXO EX'ACT Album MONSTER Ver. Review/Pictures<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJYlpCiFMLkK7gdgUh0_aJVrqBFLAYnEahNG8V7IbiZTtPihyC9NfuQsGgwXwhr1O4RD0tNtbTmmdSwtPc9KOn5r-Jk1nQqzJvO0xSdoIhl5baKG5quCNYRfArSiGwBboKbbJd7vskWlxF/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJYlpCiFMLkK7gdgUh0_aJVrqBFLAYnEahNG8V7IbiZTtPihyC9NfuQsGgwXwhr1O4RD0tNtbTmmdSwtPc9KOn5r-Jk1nQqzJvO0xSdoIhl5baKG5quCNYRfArSiGwBboKbbJd7vskWlxF/s400/FullSizeRender+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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On the left is the album cover and on the right is the actual album itself. The album is a thick book and it is very nice quality. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmyozLXSYeUpOeir10LmTQlS3fzTHfWVkJatBWjCom76fsU6fjU94R48KM5HnqRimTRkUlJSqFimPmzBWGJNsP7oxtiBvG-XFEJDpCuYA31c_EezvFfUfUqUmPcTvDaiH9U03kvH4HzqIZ/s1600/FullSizeRender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmyozLXSYeUpOeir10LmTQlS3fzTHfWVkJatBWjCom76fsU6fjU94R48KM5HnqRimTRkUlJSqFimPmzBWGJNsP7oxtiBvG-XFEJDpCuYA31c_EezvFfUfUqUmPcTvDaiH9U03kvH4HzqIZ/s400/FullSizeRender.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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When you open the inside, the CD is on the left and there is a white title page on the right.</div>
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Oh and I got chen for my photocard ^.^</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUfw34C9i7eNdiIkm1T_BDqYSXrqMnv-WIne9eFGhVcELpb8ZrL05dD4txDe3uK4JKqU2SasOdwUKGRfGaN66_6ROnCQf1qoDqsxU9jcXGYN5Oaq6xqXhFXmZl2tVlAcCoJOq7m8y7m6oJ/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUfw34C9i7eNdiIkm1T_BDqYSXrqMnv-WIne9eFGhVcELpb8ZrL05dD4txDe3uK4JKqU2SasOdwUKGRfGaN66_6ROnCQf1qoDqsxU9jcXGYN5Oaq6xqXhFXmZl2tVlAcCoJOq7m8y7m6oJ/s400/FullSizeRender+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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As you can see there are quite a few pages (113 pages to be exact haha) and they are really nice quality. This is Kai and each member has a Q&A section. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi67hCxMhrT5uu9zs_4VFpJODgSgAwn5q_DwAZRFmNuA89XgkeJ5OECgkEElF8Ew_kGMo2_AS5kepaWammQdFXdXsxNp4ZbBSz-E8F7awintwZYzxJqY1H63bmjjZLqYL2438aHhcbn3O0V/s1600/FullSizeRender+%252810%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi67hCxMhrT5uu9zs_4VFpJODgSgAwn5q_DwAZRFmNuA89XgkeJ5OECgkEElF8Ew_kGMo2_AS5kepaWammQdFXdXsxNp4ZbBSz-E8F7awintwZYzxJqY1H63bmjjZLqYL2438aHhcbn3O0V/s400/FullSizeRender+%252810%2529.jpg" width="270" /></a></div>
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Here is another picture of Kai ^.^</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCE2-yGruPz12CHD58C1nvHAwAK7NO8SMTl9PJ-B7hGrP5JwU9_gUeP5F9lJkrpOambj5_gdRCdCQjGfc4cCqNvSwUed3-0tuMDPIT8HO4NyS6v2vPuA7HUbSYqYFzW3tgPVHNNzH6_sOP/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCE2-yGruPz12CHD58C1nvHAwAK7NO8SMTl9PJ-B7hGrP5JwU9_gUeP5F9lJkrpOambj5_gdRCdCQjGfc4cCqNvSwUed3-0tuMDPIT8HO4NyS6v2vPuA7HUbSYqYFzW3tgPVHNNzH6_sOP/s400/FullSizeRender+%25284%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Here is Chanyeol looking beautiful. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtr48Z4v3WrD1pfFUKiyZ1nzb8-_610Wy0EoHB-NjYmCzTVz2z_36uTUGjGZlZxoDi03fEENMPHdpIEKo5ful-kvCF6REEzW3W-GtlhhywbGT0luIGr3qkmRCJzG0bFaNJKg_s83ED3xst/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtr48Z4v3WrD1pfFUKiyZ1nzb8-_610Wy0EoHB-NjYmCzTVz2z_36uTUGjGZlZxoDi03fEENMPHdpIEKo5ful-kvCF6REEzW3W-GtlhhywbGT0luIGr3qkmRCJzG0bFaNJKg_s83ED3xst/s400/FullSizeRender+%25285%2529.jpg" width="267" /></a></div>
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Lay looking slick af. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBG1AGdyCqoPzwRHECVPDp7gNrYdhq7J8cbw8e-TtalEfspTGhgYozZq9s-kedocigRtSe1PAiKQQLTzsjBDURyjbgYZAyamgH4yUWQY4l3oo62Bhv1sOf7zt8K0A3-LVVA20bRjAaFpNY/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25289%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: white;"> </span><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBG1AGdyCqoPzwRHECVPDp7gNrYdhq7J8cbw8e-TtalEfspTGhgYozZq9s-kedocigRtSe1PAiKQQLTzsjBDURyjbgYZAyamgH4yUWQY4l3oo62Bhv1sOf7zt8K0A3-LVVA20bRjAaFpNY/s320/FullSizeRender+%25289%2529.jpg" width="211" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDVRRfYBx_yKhaWo8IYYQqZFRoMv0f0M-IDwE3_WrcK-9-OpCNqu_MSiSaKBTO-tI5FrmewJXZByzE7-MN8Ekf5yT7Wyvz7Q1V0KpYzJalmK2YEKMptt9wOxZU1TtpBzhLbY1Wfzd9zhNg/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25286%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDVRRfYBx_yKhaWo8IYYQqZFRoMv0f0M-IDwE3_WrcK-9-OpCNqu_MSiSaKBTO-tI5FrmewJXZByzE7-MN8Ekf5yT7Wyvz7Q1V0KpYzJalmK2YEKMptt9wOxZU1TtpBzhLbY1Wfzd9zhNg/s320/FullSizeRender+%25286%2529.jpg" width="228" /></a><br />
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Leader Suho looking fine as hell.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Xq_xrEs-h9a8lMWPFSe8sBJSIz7FNqGFExRdE-kvSoLiwzC9pk6Qb8wBC-sLgvI07htrI0tomCznd7HbL1snYDz4cWgF98JRHb0q4ChdEHeHhfYnYAyMLLKJC1azr5tQN20y45tR8guc/s1600/FullSizeRender+%252811%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Xq_xrEs-h9a8lMWPFSe8sBJSIz7FNqGFExRdE-kvSoLiwzC9pk6Qb8wBC-sLgvI07htrI0tomCznd7HbL1snYDz4cWgF98JRHb0q4ChdEHeHhfYnYAyMLLKJC1azr5tQN20y45tR8guc/s400/FullSizeRender+%252811%2529.jpg" width="227" /></a></div>
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Baekhyun killed it in the monster mv. He was G O R G E O U S. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7KdxEluqvcZ9Rqq688TrphsGRRnCQx7rt0HspEC7laSqCbBNViXgCkjOz8w6IdZipe3lfw2qw4znWOArcj4wzFsq1p_2lls1Ru3wAR3mUHGqWZ03ZeK_FcTdf_XYD03GJ51f5VqLuhTEj/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25287%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7KdxEluqvcZ9Rqq688TrphsGRRnCQx7rt0HspEC7laSqCbBNViXgCkjOz8w6IdZipe3lfw2qw4znWOArcj4wzFsq1p_2lls1Ru3wAR3mUHGqWZ03ZeK_FcTdf_XYD03GJ51f5VqLuhTEj/s400/FullSizeRender+%25287%2529.jpg" width="280" /></a></div>
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Xiumin the Hip Swaying Master. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMeWq5hgwj_6ARSuZdmMGkXUtpkYKTnsn60Hni5gclrFm0z6O3ZJdW1GlXOAdhQCNbiBpCRcLHvTwpRCPnm9Mn9U4u40JdXwqvxl5-hFEJqH38tSEuuFV52twWeae7QcKvT3IObNoQGYnB/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMeWq5hgwj_6ARSuZdmMGkXUtpkYKTnsn60Hni5gclrFm0z6O3ZJdW1GlXOAdhQCNbiBpCRcLHvTwpRCPnm9Mn9U4u40JdXwqvxl5-hFEJqH38tSEuuFV52twWeae7QcKvT3IObNoQGYnB/s400/FullSizeRender+%25283%2529.jpg" width="265" /></a></div>
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D.O. with the Lip chains kill me now</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTSl2FkoOCy3Hr5iOPCMRedkRFxsazCjVMvXTRT5HzqxTFAVBt1l0JEdhy45-rXuUgjYbDkTfdSb3TR025XqixGUozoTT-xDaGrRudR0E9jloptYxoCs47q5V0PJH_GZoHDRcsyJkeZ0k_/s1600/FullSizeRender+%25288%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTSl2FkoOCy3Hr5iOPCMRedkRFxsazCjVMvXTRT5HzqxTFAVBt1l0JEdhy45-rXuUgjYbDkTfdSb3TR025XqixGUozoTT-xDaGrRudR0E9jloptYxoCs47q5V0PJH_GZoHDRcsyJkeZ0k_/s400/FullSizeRender+%25288%2529.jpg" width="242" /></a></div>
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Daddy Sehun wiping his lips *=*</div>
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Chen looks like he needs a hug (from me)</div>
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I can't include all of the pics haha, so you guys should totally invest in this album. It is a 5/5, and I highly recommend it to all EXO-L. All the pics in the monster version came out very nice and sultry. I was contemplating but Im glad i got this version. It is darker and sexier :D. check out their latest comeback Monster MV <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSH-FVVtTf0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSH-FVVtTf0</a> </div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Check out where i bought this album for cheap and fast! </span></div>
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<a href="http://tyoufme.blogspot.com/2016/06/best-reliable-safe-place-to-buy-kpop.html"><span style="font-size: large;">http://tyoufme.blogspot.com/2016/06/best-reliable-safe-place-to-buy-kpop.html</span></a></div>
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Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7569870043991821098.post-85832325040450370252016-06-08T17:41:00.003-07:002016-06-08T17:43:22.090-07:00Great Expectations AP Style Literature Questions<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter ten, Pip says, “I had sadly broken sleep when I got to bed, through thinking of the strange man taking aim at me with his invisible gun, and of the guiltily coarse and common thing it was, to be on secret terms of conspiracy with convicts - a feature in my low career that I had previously forgotten. It can BEST be inferred that...?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip regrets helping the convict and wishes he never did.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip is anxious that the stranger knows his secret and fears that he will get caught.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip is angry at himself for helping the convict and dreads that the stranger will confront him. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip is scared that the stranger will come to kill him for having committed a crime.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip worries that the secret will hinder his career.</span></div>
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<b id="docs-internal-guid-5cdd1924-329b-0eda-8c11-79bd3bee9756" style="font-weight: normal;"></b><br />
<a name='more'></a><b id="docs-internal-guid-5cdd1924-329b-0eda-8c11-79bd3bee9756" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="2" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter ten, the stranger at the Jolly Bargemen can be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Covert </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Threatening</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fixated</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Irascible </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Generous</span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter eleven, Camilla says, “ Chokings and nervous jerkings, however, are nothing new to me when I think with anxiety of those I love.” What does Miss Havisham think of this statement?</span></div>
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<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">She feels sorry her sickliness is causing Camilla pain.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">She enjoys Camilla’s suffering because she despises her. </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">She thinks Camilla is being fake and trying to appeal to her. </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">She believes Camilla is the only good relative she has.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">She is annoyed at Camilla’s altruistic personality. </span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="4" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter eleven, Miss Havisham says, “...It and I have worn away together. The mice have gnawed at it, and sharper teeth than teeth of mice have gnawed at me.” Miss Havisham might be BEST described as?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sanguine</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Buoyant</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jaunty</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despondent</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Aberrant</span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="5" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“What with the birthday visitors, and what with the cards, and what with the fight, my stay had lasted so long, that when I neared home the light on the spit of sand off the point on the marshes was gleaming against a black night-sky and Joe's furnace was flinging a path of fire across the road.” This statement at the end of chapter eleven is NOT an example of which of the following?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Metaphor </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Imagery</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Repetition</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Juxtaposition</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Symbolism</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="6" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Which of the following expressions from chapter twelve exemplifies Dickens’ humorous tone?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“...fly at Pumblechook, and pummel him all over.”</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“You’re growing tall, Pip!”</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“Hold your head, boy, and be forever grateful...”</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“I know nothing about times.”</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“Break their hearts and have no mercy.”</span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="7" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“a spare shawl, and an umbrella, though it was a fine bright day...I am not quite clear whether these articles were carried penitentially or ostentatiously.” From context in chapter thirteen, “penitentially” and “ostentatiously” are synonymous to...?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">morosefully and jovially </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">regretfully and showily</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">purposefully and unconsciously</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">calculatingly and pretentiously </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">angrily and unintentionally </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<ol start="8" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter thirteen, Pip asks, “Am I to come again?”. She replies, “No. Gargery is your master now.” It can BEST be inferred that...?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip is glad he will not have to be Miss Havisham’s escort around the house.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip is sad that he will not be seeing Biddy.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip does not want to leave and wants to continue seeing Estella.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip feels regretful for beating up the pale young boy and is sad that he will not be able to apologize. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip is happy that he can finally leave Miss Havisham’s creepy house and Estella’s nasty comments. </span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="9" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter fourteen, Pip says, “I had believed in the forge as the glowing road to manhood and independence... all this was changed. Now, it was all coarse and common.” Pip’s attitude towards his home then to now can BEST be described as...?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Laudatory to despisement</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Patronizing to cynical</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reverent to overwhelmed</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sincere to accustory </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Earnest to objective </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="10" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter fifteen, what is the purpose of the parentheses around (“Let her alone, will you?” said Joe). </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To indicate that Joe said it in a quiet voice.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To show that Joe interrupted and talked at the same time at which Orlick and Mrs. Joe were arguing. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To illustrate that it was unimportant and irrelevant dialogue.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To indicate that Joe was a bystander of Orlick and Mrs. Joe’s argument. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To show that Joe’s statement had no effect on Orlick and Mrs. Joe.</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="11" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter fifteen, Pip says, “I wanted to make Joe less ignorant and common, that he might be worthier of my society and less open to Estella’s reproach.” Which of these statements about his changing values is true?</span></div>
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<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-roman; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Honesty and goodness are not enough for Pip. He, who at one time was very sensitive to Joe and others, is now very self-centered.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-roman; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip is aware of how common Joe and the forge is, and he has grown weary of other people’s opinions and judgement.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-roman; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip has grown to value humility, but still values education even as a blacksmith. </span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 48px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">i</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 48px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ii</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 48px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">i and ii</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 48px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ii and iii</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 48px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">i, ii, and iii</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="12" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Which of the following expressions from chapter fifteen does NOT illustrate a distinction of class and society between the forge and uptown?</span></div>
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<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“I had been looking round - in fact, for Estella - and I stammered that I hoped she was well. “Abroad,” said Miss Havisham; educating for a lady...”</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“She had been knocked down by a tremendous blow on the back of the head... destined never to be on the Rampage again, while she was the wife of Joe.”</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “As I was loitering along the High-street, looking in disconsolately at the shop windows, and thinking what I would buy if I were a gentleman..”</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“Well?’ said she, fixing her eyes upon me. ‘I hope you want nothing? You’ll get nothing.” </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“The old Battery out on the marshes was our place of study, and a broken slate and a short piece of slate pencil were our educational implements.” </span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="13" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter sixteen, how does a previous event greatly impact a current condition?</span></div>
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<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip’s lessons to Joe is greatly helping him communicate with his ill wife.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Orlick attacked Mrs. Joe because of the argument they had earlier</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Estella went to study abroad because she no longer wanted to see Pip.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mrs. Wopsle’s great aunt passed away because the stress she received from her students’ mischief</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mrs. Joe is suffering from the iron that Pip’s convict had been filing at.</span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="14" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter sixteen, Pip thinks, “I had a further restraining dread that he would not believe it, but would assort it with the fabulous dogs and veal-cutlets as a monstrous invention.” From context, what does the word “monstrous invention” mean?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A great lie</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Delicious food</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">An Ingenious innovation</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Large animals</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">An evil creation</span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="15" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mrs. Joe’s behavior around Orlick at the end of chapter sixteen can best be described as...? </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Normal</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Conspicuous</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rude</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Eccentric</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Aberrant</span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="16" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In chapter seventeen, Pip gets mad at the thought that Orlick fancies Biddy. This can best be described as..?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ironic</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sarcastic</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Derisive</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Satiric</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cynical</span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="17" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“The coroner, in Mr. Wopsle’s hands, became Timon of Athens; the beadle, Coriolanus.” This statement from chapter eighteen is an example of which of the following?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hubris</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Zeugma</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Allusion</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Simile</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Parallelism </span></div>
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</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="18" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter eighteen, Pip says, “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Joe and Biddy became more at their cheerful ease again, I became quite gloomy. Dissatisfied with my fortune, of course I could not be; but it is possible that I may have been..” The opposition is between...?</span></div>
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<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip vs. Law</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip vs. Society</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip vs. Justice</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip vs. Himself</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip vs. Nature</span></div>
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<ol start="19" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In chapter nineteen, When Pumblechook calls Pip, “my dear friend” after having learned about the London offer, Dickens illustrates which of the following?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pumblechook has a never-changing pretentious personality.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip and Pumblechook has come good terms.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pumblechook has changed for the better and gives Pip respect.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pip has become a great threat to Pumblechook, so he must be nice to Pip.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pumblechook was always modest and humble. </span></div>
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<ol start="20" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In chapter nineteen, Pip says, “I was better after I had cried, than before - more sorry, more aware of my own ingratitude, more gentle.” The “ingratitude” that Pip is referring to is most likely...?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His ingratitude towards Orlick who gave him company at the forge. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His ingratitude towards Mrs. Joe for raising him up by hand. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His ingratitude towards Estella who let him kiss her cheek.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His ingratitude towards Pumblechook who gave him the opportunity to meet Miss Havisham.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His ingratitude towards Joe and his generosity.</span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-5cdd1924-329b-ed55-4c15-d52083b559e2"></span><br />
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-5cdd1924-329b-ed55-4c15-d52083b559e2"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ANSWER KEY</span></span></div>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-5cdd1924-329b-ed55-4c15-d52083b559e2">
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<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-5cdd1924-329b-ed55-4c15-d52083b559e2">
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">B</span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">D</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">C</span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">D</span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">B</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">C</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">B</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">C</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">B</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">E</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">E</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">C</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">D</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">E</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="line-height: 22.08px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
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Cristina Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09104334962440005178noreply@blogger.com0